(final) Lecture 14 (5/25/16) PT. 1

Question 1

(adenohypophysis)

Hypothalamic hormones are enclosed in vesicles that move down the axon and accumulate where?

Answer 1

terminal ends close to pituitary stalk

Question 2

(adenohypophysis)

In response to an action potential, hormones are released from what into where?

Answer 2

vesicles

into pituitary portal system

Question 3

What is manufactured in the hypothalamus but released in the posterior pituitary?

Answer 3

oxytocin

vasopressin

Question 4

What effects control over the secretion of an anterior pituitary hormone?

Answer 4

a hypothalamic hormone

Question 5

What are the hormones that can have the effect of stimulating the release of anterior pituitary hormones? What about inhibiting?

Answer 5

Releasing hormones (RH)
Inhibiting hormones (IH)

Question 6

Oxytocin:

Answer 6

initiates labor
stimulates mammary glands to release milk
stimulates uterine contractions in activities other than labor

Question 7

Vasopressin (ADH):

Answer 7

decreases urine output by increasing DCT and collecting duct permeability

Question 8

Releasing hormones:

Answer 8

stimulates release of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 9

Inhibiting hormones:

Answer 9

inhibit release of anterior pituitary hormones

Question 10

Anterior pituitary gland hormones:

Answer 10

Growth hormone (GH)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
Lutenizing hormone (LH)
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH)
Prolactin (PRL)

Question 11

Growth hormone (GH):

Answer 11

regulates growth; affects protein, fat, and carb metabolism

Question 12

Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH):

Answer 12

controls secretion of thyroxin (from thyroid)

Question 13

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH):

Answer 13

controls secretion of hormones released by adrenal cortex, specifically glucocorticoids

Question 14

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH):

Answer 14

in females, stimulates maturation of egg cells

in males, stimulates nurse cells for sperm maturation

Question 15

Lutenizing hormone (LH):

Answer 15

in males, stimulates secretion of testosterone by testes

in females, stimulates release of ovum by ovary

Question 16

Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH):

Answer 16

along with ACTH, affects pigment release in skin

Question 17

Prolactin (PRL):

Answer 17

stimulates milk production (NOT release)

Question 18

The pineal gland is an outgrowth of…

Answer 18

the roof of the diencephalon

Question 19

Pineal gland

Arterial supply:

Answer 19

circulus arteriosus cerebri

Question 20

Pineal gland

Venous drainage:

Answer 20

cavernous venous sinus

Question 21

Pineal gland

Function:

Answer 21

Melatonin; amino acid derivative thought to have connection with regulating sleep cycle

Question 22

Parts of diencephalon:

Answer 22

thalamus
hypothalamus
epithalamus

Question 23

Thymus gland development:

Answer 23

from epithelial cells derived from endoderm and third pair of visceral pouches (3rd gill slit pouch)

Question 24

Thymus gland innervation:

Answer 24

Vagus

Question 25

Thymus gland arterial supply:

Answer 25

branches from internal thoracic artery

Question 26

Thymus gland venous drainage:

Answer 26

thymic veins to brachiocephalic vein

Question 27

Thymus gland function:

Answer 27

thymosin, thymus humeral factor, thymopoietin; convert embryonic lymphocytes into T-cells

Question 28

Thyroid gland development:

Answer 28

develops from endodermal thickening in floor of early pharynx and epithelium of 3rd and 4th gill slit pouches

Question 29

What was the first endocrine gland to appear during development?

Answer 29

thyroid gland

Question 30

Thyroid gland innervation:

Answer 30

vagus

Question 31

Thyroid gland arterial supply:

Answer 31

superior and inferior thyroid arteries

Question 32

Thyroid gland venous drainage:

Answer 32

superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins

Question 33

The superior, middle, and inferior thyroid veins are tributaries of...

Answer 33

internal jugular veins (superior and middle) and left brachiocephalic vein (inferior)

Question 34

Thyroid gland functions:

Answer 34

thyroxin - regular rate of metabolism | calcitonin - decreases levels of calcium in the blood by inhibiting osteoclasts and increasing calcium excretion

Question 35

In the thyroid gland, how does calcitonin decrease levels of calcium?

Answer 35

inhibits osteoclasts