(first midterm) Lecture 3 (4.11.16) PT. 1

Question 1

The lymphatic system may carry some WBCs, but it doesn’t carry ________.

Answer 1

RBCs

*this system is also not a circuit, like the cardiovascular system

Question 2

Blood functions:

Answer 2

Transport
Protection
Regulation

Question 3

What does the blood transport?

Answer 3

oxygen
CO2
cellular waste
nutrients
hormones
enzymes

Question 4

How does the blood protect?

Answer 4

Immune response (WBCs)
Serves in blood clotting

Question 5

Colors of these in real life:
Nerves
Artery
Veins
Lymph

Answer 5

Nerves: yellow ish
Artery: off-white (bc of collagen)
Veins: dark reddish brown
Lymph: milky white

Question 6

Describe the blood function of “regulation”

Answer 6

water balance
chemical levels
pH
body temperature

Question 7

What group of tissue is blood usually associated with?

Answer 7

connective tissue

Question 8

Blood is derived from cells where?

From where is it derived?

Answer 8

in bone marrow

mesoderm

Question 9

Name of red blood cells:

Answer 9

erythrocytes

Question 10

Name of white blood cells:

Answer 10

leukocytes

Question 11

Blood components:

Answer 11

Red blood cells
White blood cells
Plasma (about 55%)

Question 12

About 90% of plasma is water, but what’s the remaining 10%?

Answer 12

proteins (3 main types)

Question 13

Main types of proteins found plasma:

Answer 13

albumins
filbrinogen
globulins

Question 14

Albumins:

Answer 14

one of the 3 main proteins in plasma

-promote water protection, which maintains normal blood volume and pressure

Question 15

Fibrinogen:

Answer 15

one of the 3 main proteins in plasma

-essential for blood clotting

Question 16

Globulins:

Answer 16

one of the 3 main proteins in plasma

• Alpha and Beta: transport fat-soluble materials and lipids
• Gamma function in preventing certain diseases

Question 17

A mature red blood cell has no what?

Answer 17

no nucleus

Question 18

Almost the entire volume of a red blood cell is taken up by what? What does it carry?

Answer 18

taken up by hemoglobin

carries oxygen

Question 19

Red blood cell production…

Before birth:

Answer 19

Yolk sac
liver
spleen

Question 20

Red blood cell production...
After birth (normally):

Answer 20

large cells of bone marrow of certain bones (vertebrae, sternum, hip, long bones

Question 21

Red blood cell production…

After trauma:

Answer 21

Spleen can come back into service

Question 22

How long do blood cancer patients live?

Answer 22

180 days approx.

Question 23

The “Heme” component of hemoglobin is what percent of the molecule?

Answer 23

5%

Question 24

Reduced iron content does what to the blood’s ability to carry oxygen?

Answer 24

reduces the ability

Question 25

After RBCs "dump" oxygen, what do they carry back?

Answer 25

CO2, but not much | **most of the CO2 from muscles will dissolve in plasma but not all of it

Question 26

Most carbon dioxide reacts with water and is converted to what?

Answer 26

Carbonic acid

Question 27

CO2 + H2O --> ____________ --> ________________

Answer 27

CO2 + H2O --> H2CO3 --> H+ + HCO3-

Question 28

Cells that eat other cells are... | Where does that most frequently happen?

Answer 28

phagocytic cells | liver and spleen

Question 29

Describe the basic description of a WBC:

Answer 29

- retains nucleus - live for a long time - usually complexly shaped ("lobate") - outnumbered by RBC 1000 to 1

Question 30

The RBC to WBC ratio is about 1000 to 1, but when is it "somewhat" higher?

Answer 30

in newborn infants

Question 31

2 types of WBCs:

Answer 31

Granulocytes | Agranulocytes

Question 32

What type of WBC is derived from bone marrow (like RBCs)?

Answer 32

Granulocytes

Question 33

Types of Granulocytes:

Answer 33

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Monocytes

Question 34

Neutrophils:

Answer 34

phagocytes that seek out, engulf, and destroy microorganisms - lumpy and bump - multi-lobate nuclei

Question 35

Eosinophils:

Answer 35

phagocytes particularly important for attacking parasites - lobate ("B" shaped) - mobile

Question 36

Basophils:

Answer 36

regulate immunity against parasites and certain allergic responses; attacks things that are unfamiliar like dirt, dust, etc. -elongate, lobed nuclei

Question 37

Monocytes:

Answer 37

line vascular network of lymphatics and associated organs - 4 to 5 times LARGER than the others - very mobile

Question 38

Monocytes come from where?

Answer 38

Bone marrow; osteocytes

Question 39

Lymphocytes are what type of cells?

Answer 39

Agranulocytes

Question 40

Are lymphocytes specific or nonspecific immune responses?

Answer 40

Specific

Question 41

Where are lymphocytes commonly found?

Answer 41

lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, lymphoid tissue of gut

Question 42

What do platelets stick to?

Answer 42

each other collagen NOT to other blood cells!

Question 43

What do platelets do?

Answer 43

clot blood and act as a "plug"