(final) Lecture 16 (6/6/16) PT. 2

Question 1

Components of broad ligament:

Answer 1

mesovarium
mesosalpinx
mesometrium

Question 2

In males, each germinal cell produces…

Answer 2

four haploid cells

each one becomes viable sperm cell

Question 3

In females, what happens to those four cells?

Answer 3

only one will be viable

the other three degenerate

Question 4

Before first meiotic division in females, each germinal cell remains in suspended development. What are these called?

Answer 4

primary oocyte

diploid

Question 5

The first meiotic division is not completed until when?

Answer 5

puberty, when FSH triggers ovarian cycle

Question 6

After first meiotic division, the remaining largest cell is the _____________.

Answer 6

secondary oocyte

haploid

Question 7

The second meiotic division is not completed until…

Answer 7

fertilization

Question 8

Each primary oocyte is packaged in what?

Answer 8

a follicle

epithelial vesicle

Question 9

2 basic stages of ovarian cycle:

Answer 9

follicular phase

luteal phase

Question 10

Follicular phase (basic):

Answer 10

(preovulatory phase)

development and maturation of primary oocyte into secondary oocyte

Question 11

Luteal phase (basic):

Answer 11

(postovulatory phase)

degeneration of empty follicle and preparation of uterus for pregnancy

Question 12

Follicular phases:

Answer 12

Primordial follicle
Primary follicle
Secondary follicle
Tertiary follicle

Question 13

Primordial follicle:

Answer 13

(first in follicular phase)

not yet growing

Question 14

Primary follicle:

Answer 14

(second in follicular phase)

develops granulosa and thecal cells and zona pellucida

Question 15

Secondary follicle:

Answer 15

(third in follicular phase)

follicular fluid develops between inner and outer layers of follicle

Question 16

Tertiary follicle:

Answer 16

(fourth in follicular phase)

fluid fills the antrum, and primary oocyte matures into secondary oocyte, almost ready to be released

Question 17

Luteal phases/structures:

Answer 17

corpus luteum

corpus albicans

Question 18

Corpus luteum:

Answer 18

(first phase of luteal phase)

• what is left of follicle after ovulation
• secretes some estrogen and mostly progesterone (both regulate female menstrual cycle)

Question 19

Corpus albicans:

Answer 19

(second phase of luteal phase)
degenerated follicle
“a little scar of connective tissue”

Question 20

What exactly is ovulation?

Answer 20

the release of a secondary oocyte from a mature follicle

Question 21

Ovulation occurs in response to high concentrations of what?

Answer 21

gonadotropins, primarily LH

Question 22

Secondary ooctye is “ejected” from ovary directly through mass of…

Answer 22

ovarian wall

Question 23

Fimbria directs oocyte into ____________, preventing movement into coelom.

Answer 23

fallopian tube

Question 24

In a female, FSH stimulates maturation of…

Answer 24

primary follicle

Question 25

What does the maturing follicle secrete?

Answer 25

estrogen and inhibin | *eventually inhibit will affect FSH level

Question 26

Maturing follicle secretes estrogen. At low levels, it inhibits secretion of what? As it increases, it builds what?

Answer 26

LH | uterine wall

Question 27

Rising levels of inhibin decrease what?

Answer 27

FSH levels

Question 28

The dip in FSH levels separates what?

Answer 28

the dominant follicle from the rest

Question 29

High concentration of estrogen leads to increase in what?

Answer 29

LH secretion

Question 30

High levels of estrogen stimulate secretion of LH by what?

Answer 30

anterior pituitary

Question 31

Spike in LH causes maturation of __________ and ovulation of the __________.

Answer 31

primary oocyte | secondary oocyte

Question 32

Maturation of primary oocyte and ovulation of the secondary oocyte leaves the follicle without what?

Answer 32

egg | corpus luteum

Question 33

Corpus luteum secretes what? This does what?

Answer 33

``` estrogen and progesterone maintains endometrium (for 15-16 days) and inhibits FSH and LH ```

Question 34

High progesterone levels decrease what? | What does this do?

Answer 34

GNRH pulse rate - changes in pulse rate and inhibit secretion - keeps gonadotropin levels low

Question 35

If oocyte is not fertilized and implanted in the uterine wall, the corpus degenerates to what? And what stops producing?

Answer 35

corpus albicans | stops producing estrogen and progesterone

Question 36

Decrease in progesterone and estrogen allows what to slightly increase?

Answer 36

GnRH pulse rate

Question 37

A slightly increased GnRH pulse rate allows an increase in what?

Answer 37

FSH secretion by pituitary gland | *cycle is ready to repeat

Question 38

Without estrogen and progesterone, what breaks down?

Answer 38

endometrium breaks down | menstruation, spotting, blood, etc.

Question 39

What is menstruation?

Answer 39

sloughing off of the enlarged endometrial wall along with blood and mucous *beginning of the cycle

Question 40

Females can store sperm for about how many days?

Answer 40

4

Question 41

In PREGNANT females, the developing embryo has extra-embryonic membranes:

Answer 41

chorion, amnion, yolk sac, allantois

Question 42

What is a chorion?

Answer 42

the embryonic contribution to placenta

Question 43

What does the chorionic portion secrete?

Answer 43

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 44

hCG prevents what? What happens?

Answer 44

corpus luteum from degenerating | it continues to secrete progesterone and estrogen