(final) Lecture 16 (6/6/16) PT. 1

Question 1

Sperm production takes place in the…

Answer 1

testes

Question 2

Each testis contains around how many coiled tubules? What are they called?

Answer 2

~500 coiled tubules

seminiferous tubules

Question 3

The inner lining of each tubule is lined with germinal tissue, which includes 2 kinds of cells:

Answer 3

germ cells

sustentacular (sertoli or nurse) cells

Question 4

Germ cells:

Answer 4

• through meiosis, these cells produce haploid sperm cells

- all four resultant cells are viable sperm cells

Question 5

Sustentacular cells:

Answer 5

(sertoli or nurse cells)

• nourish and protect germ cells
• secrete lubricating fluid to aid outward movement of sperm as they exit testis
• also produce AMH (anti-Mullerian hormone)

Question 6

What is AMH and what does it do?

Answer 6

(anti-Mullerian hormone)

• produced by sustentacular/nurse cells
• regulates other hormones

Question 7

The sperm exits the testis via what?

Answer 7

efferent ductules

Question 8

The degeneration of the paramesonephric ducts while a male is developing as a fetus is because of what?

Answer 8

sustentacular cells (which produce AMH)

Question 9

Spermatogonia divide first by what?

Answer 9

mitosis

divides into two; one stays in current location and one goes into center of tubule/lumen

Question 10

After mitosis of the spermatogonia, one stays in current location and one goes to center of lumen. Then how does it divide?

Answer 10

meiosis

Question 11

Interstitial endocrinocytes secrete what?

Answer 11

hormones

• androgens
• testosterone

Question 12

The head of sperm contains nucleus and an organelle called a(n)…

Answer 12

acrosome

Question 13

Acrosome:

Answer 13

• organelle in the head of sperm

- contains digestive enzymes that helps sperms to penetrate egg (if present)

Question 14

Seminiferous tubules lead into straight tubules, then into larger set of tubules called…

Answer 14

rete testis

Question 15

Rete testis ultimately drains into larger tubules called _____________ which in turn drain into ____________.

Answer 15

efferent ductules

epididymis

Question 16

Epididymis came from what embryonic structure?

Answer 16

mesonephric duct

Question 17

What else is a derivative of the mesonephric duct?

Answer 17

vas/ductus deferens

Question 18

The tail of the epididymis dilates (expands) into _____________.

Answer 18

ductus deferens

Question 19

The ductus deferens passes up spermatic cord and into the body through what canal?

Answer 19

inguinal

Question 20

As each duct passes behind (dorsal to) bladder, it has appended to it a gland called the…

Answer 20

seminal vesicle

Question 21

Just prior to attachment of the seminal vesicle, the ductus deferens enlarges into a(n)…

Answer 21

ampulla

Question 22

Where is the sperm held right before ejaculation?

Answer 22

ampulla

Question 23

Fluid from seminal vesicle lubricates path, provides energy-rich nutrients for sperm, and does what else?

Answer 23

secretes are slightly alkaline, so they neutralize slight acidic environment of vagina

Question 24

Prostaglandins:

Answer 24

-promote uterine contractions to help facilitate sperm movement up uterus into fallopian tubes.

Question 25

What do fibrinogens do?

Answer 25

form a temporary clot in the vagina

Question 26

Once beyond the seminal vesicle, it is referred to as what?

Answer 26

ejaculatory duct

Question 27

The ejaculatory ducts are paired structures that empty into the...

Answer 27

prostatic urethra

Question 28

Within the prostate gland in the male, what comes together to join the urethra?

Answer 28

ejaculatory ducts

Question 29

Prostate secretions:

Answer 29

prostatic fluid - clotting enzyme - profibrinolysin

Question 30

The clotting enzyme activates what?

Answer 30

the fibrinogen and convert it to fibrin

Question 31

What type of tissue is in the prostate?

Answer 31

connective tissue glandular tissue smooth muscle tissue

Question 32

What dissolves the temporary clot?

Answer 32

profibrinolysin

Question 33

What do the bulbourethral glands do?

Answer 33

lubricates pathway through urethra | secretes alkaline mucus that neutralizes acidity along urethra

Question 34

Erection is what kind of innervation?

Answer 34

parasympathetic function | S2, S3, S4

Question 35

Erection is stimulated by what kind of stimuli? | Conveyed via what nerve?

Answer 35

sensory | pudendal

Question 36

Conscious thoughts (cerebral cortex) can either stimulate or inhibit erection center where?

Answer 36

in hypothalamus

Question 37

Ejaculation is what kind of function?

Answer 37

sympathetic function

Question 38

Sympathetic fibers innervate smooth muscle of what?

Answer 38

ductus deferens

Question 39

"..Point and Shoot.."

Answer 39

``` Point = erection = parasympathetic Shoot = ejaculation = sympathetic ```

Question 40

Ejaculation produces what kind of contractions?

Answer 40

peristaltic

Question 41

Peristalsis propels sperm and seminal fluid out of what?

Answer 41

distal end of urethra

Question 42

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH):

Answer 42

(hypothalamus) | stimulates secretion of Follice Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH) from anterior pituitary

Question 43

Hormone regulation in males | Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH):

Answer 43

(anterior pituitary) | responsible for stimulating spermatogenesis and testosterone production and secretion

Question 44

Hormone regulation in males | Testosterone:

Answer 44

- stimulates development of male sex organs, as well as secondary sexual characteristics - participates in feedback loop involving GnRH - also inhibits secretion of LH

Question 45

Hormone regulation in males | Inhibin:

Answer 45

- secreted by sustentacular cells in response to sperm production - inhibits secretion of FSH