G.A. Osteology

Question 1

Endochondral ossification

Answer 1

cartilage is replaced by bone

Question 2

intramembranous ossification

Answer 2

membranous bone

Question 3

compact bone

Answer 3

aka lamellae

forms haversion canals

Question 4

haversion canals?

Answer 4

aka central canals - core of osteon

Question 5

lacunae are between?

Answer 5

lamellae

Question 6

osteocytes are?

Answer 6

mature cells in lacunae

Question 7

canaliculli allow?

Answer 7

osteocytes to communicate with each other in the lacunae

Question 8

cancellous bone aka?

Answer 8

spongy bone

Question 9

hydroxyapatite is?

Answer 9

major inorganic component of bone

Question 10

what do osteoblasts do?

Answer 10

make bone- build bone

Question 11

what do osteoclasts do?

Answer 11

breakdown/ reabsorbs bone

Question 12

where do you feel pain in your bone?

Answer 12

perisoteum

Question 13

Appendicular skeleton has how many bones?

Answer 13

126- greatest ROM, unfused
Pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula), arm, forearm, hands, pelvis, thigh, leg, feet, ankles

Question 14

Axial skeleton has how many bones?

Answer 14

80- sacrum & coccyx fuse

skull, spine, ossicles of middle ear, hyoid, ribs & sternum

Question 15

total bones in body?

Answer 15

206

Question 16

If you fracture the surgical neck of humerus what could you damage?

Answer 16

Axillary nerve

Question 17

if you fracture the shaft of humerus you could damage?

Answer 17

Radial Nerve

Question 18

Scapula process?

Answer 18

spine
acromion
coracoid
scapular notch

Question 19

clavicle process?

Answer 19

conoid

1st bone to ossify

Question 20

Humerus info.?

Answer 20

greater/lesser tubercles
deltoid tuberosity
intertubercular groove- bicipital tendon location
med/lat epicondyles
capitulum- art with radius
trochlea- art with ulna
olecranon fossa

Question 21

Radius info.?

Answer 21

Fovea
radila tuberosity
ulnar notch
styloid process (at wrist)
listers tubercles- locator for lunate

Question 22

Ulna info.?

Answer 22

olecranon process
semilunar notch (trochlear notch)
coronoid
radial notch 
head of ulna (at wrist)
styloid process

Question 23

wrist carpals

Answer 23

proximial row-(thumb side) scaphoid, lunate, triquetrium, pisiform (pinky side)
Distal row-(thumb side) trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate (under pinky)

Question 24

snuffbox borders? what nerve goes through it?

Answer 24

ext. poll. longus, ext. poll. brevis, abductor poll. longus, floor is scaphoid.
radial nerve goes through it- check radial pulse here

Question 25

Heberdens nodes are found where?

Answer 25

DIP joints- associated with OA, psoriatic arthritis

Question 26

Buchards nodes are found where?

Answer 26

PIP joints- associated with OA, RA, psoriatic arthritis

Question 27

Haygarts nodes are found where?

Answer 27

MCP joints- associated with RA

Question 28

Ilium Info.?

Answer 28

iliopectineal line (arcuate line)- sciatic nerve greater sciatic notch post. gluteal line

Question 29

ischium info? | Pubis info?

Answer 29

lesser sciatic notch- pudendal nerve ischial tuberosity- bears weight of body when seated Pubis: obturator foramen

Question 30

Femur info?

Answer 30

``` acetabulum greater trochanter- lateral lesser trochanter- medial intertriochanteric line & crest linea aspera- posterior adductor tubercle ```

Question 31

how is the acetabulum made up?

Answer 31

ischium, ilium, pubis meet up to form it

Question 32

fibula info?

Answer 32

head- common peroneal nerve | lateral malleolus

Question 33

foot bones (tarsals)?

Answer 33

``` 7 tarsals 1,2,3 cuneiforms cuboid navicular talus calcaneus ```