Phys.: CV physiology

Question 1

the SA node is known as the_ of the heart? inn by? prevents?

Answer 1

pacemaker
vagus N.
tetany

Question 2

path of blood flow?

Answer 2

SVC> RA> Tricuspid> RV> pulm. Art> lungs> pulm. vein> LA> mitral> LV> Aorta> body

Question 3

ECG steps?

Answer 3

P- Atrial depol. contract
QRS- Vent depole (contract) & atrial repole (relax)
ST- .04-.06 seconds
T- vent repole (relax)

Question 4

PUMPKIN ???

Answer 4

ATP driven
NA+ out
K+ in
3 NA+ for every 2 K+
Maintains resting state of heart
"PUMP K IN"

Question 5

How BPM for SA node? AV? Bundle of his? Bundle branches? Purkinje fibers?

Answer 5

SA- 60-80 BPM
AV- 40-60
HIS- 20-40
Purkinje- 0-20
Bundle branches- 0

Question 6

what is an ectopic focus?

Answer 6

when the sinus node dies the AV will take over

expect the person to get winded easily, low energy levels

Question 7

Sound 1 is made by?

Answer 7

A-V valves close
(Tricuspid & bicuspid)
LUBB

Question 8

sound 2 is made by?

Answer 8

Semilunar valves closing
Pulmonic & aortic valves
DUBB

Question 9

what are the diastolioc Murmurs?

Answer 9

Aortic
Regurgitation
Mitral
Stenosis
"she DIed in my ARMS & PRTS"

Question 10

what are the systolic murmurs?

Answer 10

Pulmonic
Regurgitation
tricuspid
Stensosis

Question 11

What is hydrostaic pressure?

Answer 11

force exerted by fluid agaisnt a wall

Question 12

what is osmotic pressure?

Answer 12

created by plasma proteins unable to move through the capillary membrane

Question 13

what is the Frank-Starling law?

Answer 13

stroke volume increases in response to increase in volume of blood filling the heart
“just Do It”

Question 14

what is Davis law?

Answer 14

muscle will increase in size when used

Question 15

what is Boyles law?

Answer 15

inversely proportional relationship bwn absolute pressure & volume of a gas.
If temp kept constant w/in a closed system

Question 16

pV=K… what???

Answer 16

p= pressure of sytem
V= denotes volume of gas
k= constant pressure & volume of system

Question 17

an EMG is used for muscle or brain??

Answer 17

Muscle

Question 18

an EEG is used for brain or heart?

Answer 18

Brain

Question 19

EKG & ECG are used for??

Answer 19

Heart

Question 20

which ribs is the heart behind?

Answer 20

2-5th

Question 21

what is the avg BPM? mL of blood per beat?

Normal BP?

Answer 21

75 bpm
70-80 mL
120/80

Question 22

do arteries have valves or muscles? veins?

Answer 22

arteries have muscles

veins have valves

Question 23

what are precursor platlets called?

Answer 23

megakaryotes

Question 24

where are RBC produced?

Answer 24

marrow

Question 25

fxn of RBC?

Answer 25

carry hemoglobin 15g/100 mL

Question 26

aka for RBC?

Answer 26

erythocytes

Question 27

where are RBC produced in embryo? fetus? adult?

Answer 27

E- yolk sac F- liver, spleen, lymph, bone marrow A- membranous bone marrow

Question 28

genesis of RBC? how are they formed?

Answer 28

hemocytoblast> normoblast> reticulocyte (1% blood)> erythocyte (99% no nucleus) "HNRE"

Question 29

where are erythropoietin made? stimulates what?

Answer 29

kidney | RBC production

Question 30

how long does a RBC live?

Answer 30

120 days, recycled in the spleen- heme is saved

Question 31

how is CO2 transported?

Answer 31

plasma bicarbonate

Question 32

how is iron transported?

Answer 32

transferrin (Fe +3)

Question 33

how is iron stored?

Answer 33

(Fe+3) + Apoferritin= ferritin

Question 34

how is iron absorbed?

Answer 34

Fe+2 | it requires vit. c to remain in a reduced form

Question 35

WBC aka? different types?

Answer 35

``` leukocytes Neutrophils 60% Lymphocytes 30% Monocytes 8% Eosinophils 3% Basophils 0% "Never Let My Engine Blow 60-30-8-3-0" ```

Question 36

which WBC are granulocytes?

Answer 36

Basopphils Eosinophils Neutrophils "BEN"

Question 37

which WBC are Agranulocytes?

Answer 37

Lymphocytes | Monocytes

Question 38

Which WBC are Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes (PMN)?

Answer 38

Neutrophils

Question 39

how does blood clotting occur?

Answer 39

injury> constriction> platelet plug> clot> repair

Question 40

what is the sequence of clotting?

Answer 40

extrinsic (damaged cells) & intrinsic (foreign surface)> prothrombin activator changes prothrombin > thrombin, thrombin is changed into fibrinogen> fibrin> mixes with RBC, platelets & plasma> blood clot

Question 41

what are the different macrophages?

Answer 41

Alveoli- alveolar macrophage Brain- microglial cells Liver- Kupffer cells Tissue- histocyte or fixed macrophages