Chem: Lipids

Question 1

what type of bond is between a glycerol & a FA?

Answer 1

ester

Question 2

__ kcal/g

Answer 2

9

Question 3

saturated fatty acids are :

Answer 3

filled with H2
heavy; dense
solid at room temp.
NO carbon-carbon double bonds
Source: lard, butter, coconut & palm oil

Question 4

Monounsaturated FA have?

Answer 4

one carbon-carbon double bond
liquid at room temp
sources: olive oil, olives, peanuts, avocados etc.

Question 5

polyunsaturated FA have?

Answer 5

more than one carbon-carbon double bond
liquid at room temp.
sources: sunflower, corn, cottonseed, linoleic, alpha linoleic

Question 6

Essential FA are the main_ _ of fat?

Answer 6

building blocks

body cannot make on its own

Question 7

linoleic acid

Answer 7

essential
omega-6 FA
found in polyunsaturated veg. oils
18:2

Question 8

when linoleic is absent which FA becomes an essential FA

Answer 8

arachidonic

Question 9

linoleni acid

Answer 9

omega-3 FA

18:3

Question 10

what makes up a triglyceride?

Answer 10

3 FA + glycerol (ester bond)

Question 11

what makes up a phospholipid?

Answer 11

2 FA + glycerol + phosphate derivative

lipid bilayer

Question 12

Arachidonic cox/lox

Answer 12

2 series PG cox
4 series TX lox
doule check***

Question 13

EPA cox/lox

Answer 13

3 series TX
5 series PG
Double check***

Question 14

cholesterol info:

Answer 14

belongs to sterol group

requires ATP, Mg, NADPH

Question 15

cholesterol fxn:

Answer 15

makes cell membranes
bile salts
steroid hormones

Question 16

Precursor molecules for cholesterol?

Answer 16

mevalonate
acetyl coa
squalene
hmg coa reductase
"MASH"

Question 17

chylomicron source? fxn? enzyme?

Answer 17

intestinal mucosa
transports dietary lipids to body
lipoprotein lipase- fats into cells
highest % of triglycerides

Question 18

VLDL source? fxn? enzyme?

Answer 18

liver- APOC-2
transports endogenous lipids from liver to the body
lipoprotein lipase
lowest % of proteins

Question 19

LDL source? fxn? enzyme?

Answer 19

liver- APOB-100
transports cholesterol from liver to the body
highest % of cholesterol

Question 20

HDL source? fxn? enzyme?

Answer 20

liver- APOA-1; APOE
removes excess free cholesterol from the blood
lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase LCAT

Question 21

what does beta oxidation do? where?

Answer 21

cut 2 carbons off at a time to make acteyl CoA for krebs

mitochondria

Question 22

what does beta ox. require? produces? what about odd number of carbons?

Answer 22

carnitine
1 acetyl CoA
final piece would be a 3 carbon long propionyl CoA

Question 23

ketogenesis forms? increases in? ketone bodies?

Answer 23

ketone bodies as a byproduct of beta oxid.
fasting; low carb diet, diabetes, pregnancy
acetoacetate, acetone, hydroxybutrate

Question 24

what is the primary substrate for lipogenesis?

Answer 24

acetyl CoA

Question 25

lipogenesis occurs in? produces? requires? stimulated by?

Answer 25

cytoplasm
FA
acetyl CoA, CO2, NADPH
ATP & insulin stimulates
EPI & glucagon inhibit.

Question 26

intermediate of lipogenesis?

Answer 26

Malonyl CoA

Question 27

which is a ketogenic AA?

Answer 27

Leucine

Question 28

where does digestion of lipases start?

Answer 28

mouth- lingual lipase

SI