Genetics/ DNA

Question 1

DNA

Answer 1

has 4 nucleotides

• Thymine (T)
• Cytosine (C)
• Adenine (A)
• Guanine (G)
• -They all have a phosphate group and a 5 carbon sugar. They differ in their bases.

Question 2

DNA Structure

Answer 2

• the nucleotides are put together by their common elements. The phosphate group to the 5 carbon sugar.
• the sugar phosphate back bone is strung together with the different bases sticking out to the side.

Question 3

DNA Double Helix Structure

Answer 3

• It is read 3 prime to 5 prime
• 2 strands of DNA are connected via the different bases with hydrogen bonds
• -they are attached anti-parallel
• the same bases are always together
• the strands are duplicates of each other if read 3 prime to 5 prime on each strand

Question 4

What nucleotides go together?

Answer 4

Adenine and Thymine A-T

Cytosine and Guanine C-G

Question 5

How do you read the code of DNA?

Answer 5

• Take the sequence of nucleotides to give the sequence and order of the Amino acids
• Read every three bases

Question 6

Codons

Answer 6

three nucleotides put together

-some repeat meaning they will code for the same amino acid

Question 7

Chromosomes

Answer 7

Condensed DNA

• the DNA strands are coiled in on itself
• -they coil up together and then coil again getting shorter and more bunched or condensed into the chromosome

Question 8

Histone Protein

Answer 8

They help condense DNA

-The DNA coils around them and they help the DNA coil together

Question 9

1 double stranded helix is?

Answer 9

one unduplicated chromosome

Question 10

2 Double stranded helix’s that are exact copies of each other become?

Answer 10

A duplicated Chromosome or a Chromatid and its sister Chromatid

Question 11

Centromere

Answer 11

Where 2 chromatids attach

Question 12

Kineticore

Answer 12

is the protein that attaches 2 chromatids at the centromere

Question 13

Genes

Answer 13

are a discrete unit of information on a chromosome

-they code for a particular protein or trait

Question 14

The first codons is?

Answer 14

The start Codon

Question 15

Codons between genes are?

Answer 15

Garbage Codons that don’t make anything

Question 16

Allele

Answer 16

different form or version of a gene

• different alleles make different traits or proteins.
• same proteins different order that changes things

Question 17

Human Genome

Answer 17

The collection of Human Genetic code

• 46 Chromosomes
• -23 pairs
• –22 homologous/ autosomal
• –1 pair sex chromosomes
• On every homologous chromosome you have the same genes in the same place but you could have different alleles.
• you have two copies of every gene, but there can be many different alleles for the two genes

Question 18

what cell in your body does not have 46 chromosomes?

Answer 18

Your sex cells

Question 19

were do you get you traits from?

Answer 19

One from your mother and one from your father

Question 20

Expression of Alleles

Answer 20

What you are going to get/see

Question 21

Wild type Alleles

Answer 21

Just more common alleles

Question 22

Mutant type Alleles

Answer 22

Less common Alleles

Question 23

Dominance

Answer 23

• dominant/recessive
• Homozygous Dominant
• Heterozygous
• Homozygous Recessive

Question 24

Homozygous Dominant

Answer 24

you will display the dominant gene

Question 25

Heterozygous

Answer 25

you will display the dominant gene

Question 26

Homozygous Recessive

Answer 26

is the only way you get a recessive gene

Question 27

Genotype

Answer 27

showing/telling/saying what alleles someone has

Question 28

Phenotype

Answer 28

what is actually expressed in the genotype

Question 29

Sex Determination

Answer 29

• we all have to have an X chromosome it has nothing to do with sex. It has important genes that we need
• The Y chromosome is called the male chromosome. It is the male determining gene.
• If female XX
• If male XY