GI4

Question 1

what are the lubrication components of saliva?

Answer 1

water
electrolytes
mucous

Question 2

what are the bactericidal components of saliva>

Answer 2

antibodies
lysozyme
antimicrobial peptides

Question 3

what are the digestion components of saliva?

Answer 3

amylase (herbi/omnivores)
lingual lipase (juveniles)

Question 4

what are the cooling components of saliva?

Answer 4

saliva spreading

Question 5

what is the general structure of the salivary gland?

Answer 5

compound tubuloacinar gland

Question 6

what is the tenecity of saliva in nonruminants?

Answer 6

hypotonic

Question 7

what produces the primary secretion of saliva?

Answer 7

acinus

Question 8

what part of the salivary gland has Na and CL reabsorption?

Answer 8

ductal

Question 9

what is the tenecity of ruminant saliva?

Answer 9

isotonic

Question 10

what type of secretion is from the parotid salivary gland?

Answer 10

serous

Question 11

what type of secretion is from the submaxillary gland?

Answer 11

mixed serous/mucous

Question 12

what type of secretion is from the sublingual gland?

Answer 12

mucous

Question 13

salivary serous acinar cells secrete a ___ fluid that contains both ___ and _____

Answer 13

• isotonic
• Cl-
• HCO3-

Question 14

salivary ductal cells reabsorb ___ and __ but not ___; final saliva is ____ relative to plasma.

Answer 14

• Na+
• Cl-
• water
• hypotonic

Question 15

primary acinar scretions are ____

Answer 15

isotonic

Question 16

Na+ absorption/modulated by what?

Answer 16

aldosterone

• ENaC
• Na+/H+ exchanger

Question 17

ruminant saliva is high in ___, ___ and ___

Answer 17

-PO2-4, HCO3-, pH

Question 18

conditions impeding salivation result in what in ruminants?

Answer 18

acidosis

Question 19

what are PS stimulations of the salivary gland

Answer 19

• facial n
• glossopharyngeal n
• CHOLINERGIC reveptors

Question 20

what are the sympathetic stimulations of salivary glands?

Answer 20

BETA receptors

Question 21

is there endocrine regulation of salivation?

Answer 21

no

Question 22

what is the glandular mucosa of the stomach?

Answer 22

cardia
corpus
antrum

Question 23

what is the function of the surface epithelial cells of the stomach glands?

Answer 23

secrete thick mucous and HCO3-; protective function

Question 24

what is the function of the mucous neck cells of the stomach glands?

Answer 24

secrete thing mucous; cells division

Question 25

what is the function of the parietal (oxyntic cell) of the stomach gland?

Answer 25

HCl secretion; intrinsic factor secretion (require for B12 absorption)

Question 26

what is the function of the stem cells of the stomach gland?

Answer 26

regeneration

Question 27

what is the function of the chief (peptic) cells of the stomach glands?

Answer 27

pepsinogen secretion

Question 28

what is the function of the endocrine cells (including enterochromaffin-like cells) of the stomach gland>

Answer 28

secrete regulatory substances (eg. somatostatin, gastrin, histamine, serotonin)

Question 29

what are the properties of the glands of the cardia?

Answer 29

secrete only mucous alkaline protective function

Question 30

what are the properties of the glands of the antrum?

Answer 30

- no parietal cells - D cells (somatostatin secretion) - G cells (gastrin secretion) - chief cells (secrete pepsinogen)

Question 31

parietal cells HCl secretion properties

Answer 31

- isotonic HCl secretion - H+ extrusion is achieved actively - HCO3- reabsorption; "alkaline tide"

Question 32

___ and ___ enable release of histamine

Answer 32

- gastrin | - ACh

Question 33

gastrin and ACh potentiate histamine release, thereby increasing __ ___ ___ __

Answer 33

-parietal cell HCl secretion

Question 34

what is the role of somatostatin?

Answer 34

inhibition of histamine-stimulated HCl secretion

Question 35

in the corpus, what two factors regulates somatostatin secretion?

Answer 35

neural and endocrine factors

Question 36

in the antrum, what stimulates somatostatin secretion?

Answer 36

-low luminal pH and gastrin

Question 37

somatostatin inhibits the release of what?

Answer 37

gastrin

Question 38

pepsinogen becomes what?

Answer 38

pepsin (active form)

Question 39

what causes more release of pepsinogen?

Answer 39

low pH and pepsin (positive feedback)

Question 40

at pH

Answer 40

gastrin secretion falls

Question 41

at pH

Answer 41

gastrin secretion ceases

Question 42

what is the basal phase of gastric acid secretion?

Answer 42

interdigestive (smallest)

Question 43

what is the cephalic phase of gastric acid secretion?

Answer 43

anticipatory response | -30%

Question 44

what is the gastric phase of gastric acid secretion?

Answer 44

initiated by stomach distention | -50-60%

Question 45

what is the intestinal phase of gastric acid secretion?

Answer 45

small but significant | -5-10%

Question 46

what is the primary hormonal stimulus for acinar secretion?

Answer 46

CCK

Question 47

what is the primary hormonal stimulus for ductal secretion?

Answer 47

secretin