thermoregulation

Question 1

normal homeothermy is a balance of what?

Answer 1

• hypothermia

- hyperthermia

Question 2

2 general classifications of thermoregulation

Answer 2

• poililotherms

- homeotherms

Question 3

what are poikilotherms?

Answer 3

• ectothermic
• cold-blooded
• variable body temp

Question 4

what are homeotherms?

Answer 4

• endothermic
• warm-blooded
• “constant” body temp

Question 5

what are the advantages of poikilotherms?

Answer 5

1. less energy expenditure
2. food conserving mechanism
3. alter behavior based on external temp

Question 6

what are the disadvantages of poikilotherms?

Answer 6

1. unable to have high year-round productivity**
2. habitat limitations
3. cannot tolerate extremes in temperature

Question 7

are homeotherms or poikilotherms more capable of tolerating environmental extremes?

Answer 7

homeotherms

Question 8

are neonates good at maintaining a constant temperature?

Answer 8

no

Question 9

heat production has to equal=

Answer 9

heat loss

Question 10

do we lose more animals due to heat stress or cold stress?

Answer 10

heat stress

Question 11

radiation, conduction and convection are dependent on:

Answer 11

temperature gradient

Question 12

delta Tc should be close to/equal to what

Answer 12

zero

Question 13

what is raditaion?

Answer 13

transfer of heat between NON-TOUCHING objects can be a loss or a gain

Question 14

what is conduction?

Answer 14

transfer of heat between TOUCHING objects can be a gain or loss

Question 15

what are the two biggest avenues of heat exchange?

Answer 15

• convection

- evaporation

Question 16

what is convection?

Answer 16

transfer of heat via a FLUID medium

-i.e air, blood, water

Question 17

what is the most common way we transfer heat?

Answer 17

through the blood

Question 18

what are the 2 types of convection?

Answer 18

natural and forced

Question 19

what is natural convection?

Answer 19

warmed air move away from the body occurs in still air situations

Question 20

what is forced convection?

Answer 20

moving air or fluid over surface

Question 21

always beware of what?

Answer 21

drafts

Question 22

what is a great insulator?

Answer 22

air

Question 23

what are great conductors?

Answer 23

water and blood

Question 24

what is evaporation?

Answer 24

transfer of heat as a liquid is converted to a gas

Question 25

what is evaporation highly influenced by?

Answer 25

relative humidity

Question 26

T/F: evaporation is always a loss.

Answer 26

true

Question 27

you have to live in an environment above what?

Answer 27

rectal temp

Question 28

what type of heat transfers heat to the lung surface?

Answer 28

convection

Question 29

what is vital to survive in heat stress?

Answer 29

evaporation

Question 30

if you block evaporation, you must increase _______ or decrease ____.

Answer 30

- other losses | - heat gain

Question 31

aprocine sweat gland have what kind of secretions?

Answer 31

protein

Question 32

eccrine sweat glands have what kind of secretions?

Answer 32

aqueous

Question 33

homeotherms must make (more/less) heat production.

Answer 33

more

Question 34

heat production is proportionate to what?

Answer 34

metabolic size

Question 35

heat loss is in proportion to what?

Answer 35

surface area

Question 36

exercise increases what?

Answer 36

basal metabolic rate

Question 37

hormone of metabolic rate

Answer 37

thyroxine, testosterone

Question 38

do younger or older animals have a higher BMR?

Answer 38

younger

Question 39

the is Bergmann's Rule

Answer 39

in colder climates, animals will be larger

Question 40

characteristics of hiberation

Answer 40

- reduced metabolic rate ~25% of normal - lower body temp - reduced HR

Question 41

ways to increase heat production:

Answer 41

- shivering - digestion - non-shivering thermogenesis - brown fat - exercise

Question 42

to lose heat, we must get it where?

Answer 42

to the surface

Question 43

are tissues/air good conductors?

Answer 43

no

Question 44

what is vital to control of hyperthermia?

Answer 44

blood brain temperature

Question 45

what increases heat capacity?

Answer 45

hydration

Question 46

Mount;s concept of thermalnutrality

Answer 46

- there's a wide range of temperature (*balance) 1. comfortability 2. choice 3. max health 4. lowest mainentance 5. max gain and feed efficiency