Handout 1 Flashcards
(29 cards)
a ______ is a subset of a species that has a unique identifiable feature
strain
remember to put in the order of “genus species” in italics
size of bacterial cells?
small, range from .5-3 microns
size of eukaryotic cells?
greater than 5 microns
5-20
size of viruses?
so tiny! 5-300 nm
An ______ disease is a disease acquired from organisms in or on the body
endogenous
A. Gram staining differentiates between cells based on cell _____ structure
wall structure
what color do gram positive stain? gram negative?
remember, that gram positive is purple!
More “pep” in barney because he is positive. Gram negative has a thinner wall. like the positive purple dinosaur
what kind of acids do we find in the cell wall of gram positive bacteria?
techoic acids.
remember, again gram + = pep with techoic acids
LPS - lipoglycans an endotoxin are found in the outer membrane of gram ___ bacteria?
LPS! large molecules
____ includes capsules and slime layer. it’s composed of polysaccharides?
glycocalyx
the role is for virulence
fimbrae vs. pili?
timbre are the sticking bristles
pili is the tube to transfer chromosomes. they have a role in adherence.
what is the tube called that transfers chromosomes? they also have a role in adherence.
PILI
Do gram + or gram - produce spores?
Gram +
Bacillus and Clostridium are the main genera.
spores are only for SURVIVAL. not reproduction.
what do spores contain?
chromosome, proteins and ribosomes + calcium boudn to dipicolinic acid. Thick keratin coat
very resistant to infeciton
what is the term for differentiating between strains of the same species using an antibody?
serotyping
antibodies recognize antigens on the surface of the bacteria
what metabolic pathway is this?
ANAEROBIC in cytoplasm – 6 carbon sugar (glucose) into two 3 carbon sugars (pyruvate) and reduced carrier molecules NADH – NET 2 ATP
glycolysis.
what if you don’t have oxygen while you’re using glycolysis?
you take the NADH end product and use them to make weird acids and alcohols- using ANAEROBIC FERMENTATION
if you have oxygen after glycolysis, what cycle do you use?
TCA cycle.
generates more NADH, FADH, and GTP
–electron transport chain
most bacteria have one chromosome that is ______(haploid or diploid) and packaged with polyamines like _____ rather than histones
haploid, spermine
bacterial genomes are organized in functional units called _____
operons
T/F?
bacteria may have extrchromosomal plasmids?
true
lac operon is an example of what kind of operon?
inducible
the inducer is allocates that binds and removes repressor.
sigma factors bind to the promotor and allow the polymerase to bind leading to the transcription and translation of genes
a _____ is a stretch of DNA where the repressor binds?
the operator!
where do you calculate the generation time with a bacterial growth curve?
exponential phase
stationary phase= plateu
decline when nutrients are out
