Hindlimb Blood, Lymph, Nerve Supply

Question 1

what spinal nerves supply the hindlimb

Answer 1

L5, L6, L&, L7, S1, S2

dorsal branches - dorsal structures

ventral branches - lumbosacral plexus

Question 2

what are the emerging peripheral nerves to hindlimb

Answer 2

1. gluteals
2. obturator
3. femoral
4. sciatic - tibial-fibular/peroneal

Question 3

where is the gluteal nerve route

Answer 3

runs over dorsal surface body of ilium

Question 4

what are the functions of the gluteal nerves

Answer 4

1. gluteal muscles
2. hindlimb abductors (horse - hindlimb/hip extensor)

no areas of cutaneous sensation

Question 5

what nerve is this

Answer 5

gluteal nerve

Question 6

what is the route of the obturator nerve

Answer 6

passes through obturator forament

short route to medial thigh

runs along inside of pelvis

Question 7

what is the function of the obturator nerve

Answer 7

hindlimb adductors

1. gracilis
2. adductor
3. pectineus
4. external obturator

Question 8

what nerve is this

Answer 8

obturator nerve

Question 9

which nerve is volnuerable to damage

Answer 9

obturator nerve

can be damaged during parturition

oversized calves

Down cow

not a problem in horses (stand up front end first)

Question 10

what is the route of the femoral nerve

Answer 10

short route to cranial thigh

Question 11

what is the function of the femoral nerve

Answer 11

cranial thigh muscles

1. illiopsoas
2. sartorius
3. quadriceps (all heads)
4. hip flexors/limb protractors
5. stifle extensors

Question 12

what nerve is this

Answer 12

femoral nerve

Question 13

what nerve supplies these muscles

Answer 13

femoral nerve

Question 14

how does the femoral nerve provide cutaneous sensation

Answer 14

saphenous branch (femoral triangle)

Question 15

what is the patellar reflex

Answer 15

patellar ligament

quadriceps

extension of stifle

Question 16

what nerve is this

Answer 16

saphenous branch of the femoral nerve which provides cutaneous sensation

Question 17

what occurs during femoral nerve damage

Answer 17

cannot extend stifle –> cannot weight bear –> no compensation –> loss of patellar reflex

Question 18

what is the route of the sciatic nerve

Answer 18

runs over dorsal surface body ilium

passes caudal to hip

runs deep to biceps femoris

Question 19

what is the function of the sciatic nerve

Answer 19

caudal thigh muscles

1. biceps femoris
2. semitendinosus
3. semimembranosus

hip extensors/limb retractors

stifle flexors

Question 20

what nerve is this

Answer 20

sciatic nerve

Question 21

what is the tibial nerve a branch of

Answer 21

sciatic nerve

Question 22

what is the function of the tibial nerve

Answer 22

caudal tibial muscles

1. gastrocnemius
2. superficial digital flexor
3. deep digital flexor

hock extensors

digital flexors

Question 23

how does the tibial nerve provide cutaneous sensation

Answer 23

caudal/plantar aspect limb

Question 24

what nerve is this

Answer 24

tibial nerve

Question 25

what is the peroneal/fibular nerve a branch of

Answer 25

branch of sciatic nerve

Question 26

what is the function of peroneal/fibular nerve

Answer 26

cranial tibial muscles

1. cranial tibial
2. peroneus group
3. long digital extensor

hock flexors

digital extensors

Question 27

how does the peroneal/fibular provide cutaneous sensation

Answer 27

cranial/dorsal aspect limb

lateral thigh

Question 28

what nerve is this

Answer 28

peroneal/fibular nerve

Question 29

what are the clinical considerations of sciatic nerve damage

Answer 29

may result from hip trauma/surgery

femoral fractures

Question 30

if there is sciatic nerve damage what occurs

Answer 30

lose supply to

1. hip extensors/stifle flexors
2. hock extensors/digital flexors
3. hock flexors/digital extensors
4. cutaneous sensation

Question 31

what is still possible even with sciatic nerve damage

Answer 31

1. abduct (gluteal N)
2. adduct obturator N
3. protract limb/flex hip/extend stifle (femoral N)

Question 32

what are the equine nerve blocks in the hindlimb

Answer 32

tibial nerve

1. plantar nerves become plantar digital nerves
2. plantar metatarsal nerves –> peroneal/fibular nerve
3. dorsal metatarsal nerves –> medial and lateral branches

Question 33

what are the plantar digital nerve blocks

Answer 33

1. abaxial sesamoid nerve block
2. plantar metatarsal block (requires 6 point block in hindlimb –> 4 point in FL)

Question 34

what is the arterial supply in the hindlimb

Answer 34

oxygenated blood from heart –> single major vessel

changes name with region of forelimb

crosses flexor angles of joints

Question 35

what are the arteries that run through the hindlimb

Answer 35

1. external iliac artery –> leaves abdominal aorta and becomes
2. femoral artery –> runs through thigh region
3. popliteal artery –> various branches

distal limb well supplied

Question 36

what is the venous drainage of the hindlimb

Answer 36

deoxygenated blood back to heart

deep system –> follows arterial supply

Question 37

what is the superficial system of venous drainage

Answer 37

1. lateral saphenous vein (access to system circulation, drain into vena cava)
2. medial saphenous vein (more prominent in cats and horses)

Question 38

what is the boundaries of the femoral triangle

Answer 38

caudal: pectineus (and adductor)
cranial: sartorius

Question 39

what are the contents of the femoral triangle and their clinical significance

Answer 39

femoral vein artery & nerve

pulse –> femoral artery

intravascular catheters –> femeral vein

femeral nerve –> saphenous branch

Question 40

where are the hindlimb lymph nodes in dog and cow

Answer 40

dog - popliteal (cadual to stifle joint)

cow - prefemoral (cranial to femur)