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Module 7 > Bones of the Proximal Forelimb & Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Bones of the Proximal Forelimb & Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

what is the orientation of the scapula in man and primates

A

horizontal orientation

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2
Q

what is the orientation of the scapula in domestic animals

A

vertical orientation –> shoulder joint relatively lower in limb, increases limb length

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3
Q

do domestical animals have a clavicle

A

absent, muscular attachment between forelimb & trunk

allows scapular glide & rotation about pivota point

produces increased stride length

restricted lateral movement (abduction/adduction)

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4
Q

what type of bone is the scapula

A

flat bone

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5
Q

what surfaces of the scapula are palpable

A
  1. dorsal border - palpable
  2. cranial border - palpable
  3. caudal border - not palpable (beneath muscle)
  4. scapular spine - palpable (supraspinous fossa, infraspinous fossa)
  5. acromion process - palpable (locate shoulder joint)
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6
Q

what is present on the ventral surface of the scapule

A
  1. glenoid cavity
  2. supraglenoid tubercle
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7
Q

what is the glenoid cavity

A

concave

smooth subchondral/articular surface for shoulder joint

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8
Q

what is the supraglenoid tubercle

A

attachment of biceps brachii muscle

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9
Q

what are the structures of the scapula

A
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10
Q

what are the medial/costal surface

A

flat & featureless –> scapular glide

rough bone - muscle attachment

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11
Q

how many centres of ossification does the scapula develop from

A

2 centres

body

supraglenoid tubercle

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12
Q

what are the features of cat scapula

A

more rounded cranial angle than dog

suprahamate process –> proximal to acromion process

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13
Q

what are the features of the scapula in larger species

A

tuber on spine

cartilage extension to dorsal border

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14
Q

what region is the humerus located in

A

brachium

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15
Q

what type of bone is the humerus

A

long bone

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16
Q

what is the shape of the humerus

A

S-shaped

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17
Q

what is on the proximal end of the humerus

A
  1. head
  2. greater tubercle
  3. lesser tubercle
  4. intertubercular groove
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18
Q

what is the shape of the humerus

A

convex

smooth articular surface for shoulder joint

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19
Q

is the greater tubercle palpable and what is this landmark used for

A

palpable (lateral)

location of shoulder joint

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20
Q

what passes through the intertubercular groove

A

biceps tendon

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21
Q

where is the lesser tubercle

A

medial

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22
Q

what are the structures of the humerus head

A
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23
Q

what is the shaft of the humerus

A

body

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24
Q

–what are the structures of the distal end

A
  1. condyle
  2. medial epicondyle - palpable
  3. lateral epicondyle - palpable
  4. trochlea (central depression, smooth articular surface for elbow joint)
  5. ulnar/olecranon fossa
  6. radial fossa
  7. supratrochlear foramen
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25
what are these structures
medial and lateral epicondyles \* trochlea
26
where is the ulnar/olecranon fossa
caudal aspect
27
where is the radial fossa
cranial aspect
28
what are the features of the supratrochlear foramen
nothing passes through may not be present in short legged dogs absent in larger species (horse)
29
what structures do cats not have
no supratrochlear foramen supracondyloid foramen --\> blood vessels and nerves pass through
30
how many centres of ossification does the humerus develop from
5 centres 1. proximal epiphyses 2. body 3. condyle --\> medial epicondyle, medial half, lateral half
31
where is the weak point of the humerus
supratrochlear foramen
32
what are the components of the shoulder joint
1. glenoid cavity of scapula --\> concave 2. head of humerus --\> convex
33
what are the palpable landmarks for the shoulder joint
acromion process (scapula) greater tubercle (humerus)
34
what is the bicipital bursa
joint capsule extends into intertubercular groove --\> between greater and lesser tubercles wraps around tendon of origin of biceps brachii
35
how is the bicipital bursa held in place
by transverse ligament
36
what is the lateral support of the shoulder joint
1. supraspinatus muscle (supraspinous fossa) 2. infraspinatus muscle (infraspinous fossa)
37
what is the insertion of the supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscle
proximal lateral humerus
38
what is the nerve supply of the supraspinatous and infraspinatous muscle
suprascapular nerve
39
what is the medial support of the shoulder joint
subscapularis muscle (subscapularis fossa)
40
what is the insertion of the subscapularis muscle
proximal medial humerus
41
what is the nerve supply of the subscapularis muscle
subscapular nerve
42
what is osteochondrosis
developmental disease erosion of articular cartilage & subchondral bone
43
what is degenerative joint disease
new bone formation around osteochondral junction characteristic locations on radiographs --\> painful while forming caused by wear and tear
44
what region is the radius & ulna in
antebrachium
45
what types of bone are the radius and ulna
long bone (paired)
46
which is weight bearing between the radius and ulna
radius
47
what is located on the head of the radius
articular surface for elbow joint
48
what is located on the distal end of the radius
articular surface for carpus
49
what is the features of the ulna
longer than radius --\> provides leverage
50
what are the anatomical features of the ulna
1. olecranon process 2. anconeal process 3. trochlear notch 4. lateral coronoid process 5. medial coronoid process 6. styloid process
51
what is the shape of the anconeal process of radius and ulna
beak shaped fits into olecranon fossa of humerus
52
what is the trochlear notch on the radius and ulna
articular surface for elbow joint covered in hyaline cartilage
53
what is the medial coronoid process of the radius and ulna
radius sits between medial and lateral coronoid processes of the ulna
54
how is the medial coronoid process held in place on the radius and ulna
annular ligament
55
what is the styloid process
collateral ligament
56
what are the structures of the radius and ulna
57
how are the radius and ulna held together
by ligaments some rotation possible
58
how do the radius and ulna rotate about each other
proximal: ulna most medial projection distal: ulna most lateral projection
59
what is palpable on the radius and ulna
medial & lateral styloid processes palpable collateral ligaments of carpus
60
how many centres of ossification do the radius and ulna develop from
radius --\> 3 centres ulna --\> 4 centres (olecranon process, anconeal process, body, distal epiphyses)
61
what are the clinical considerations of the radius and ulna
must grow together physes = weak points early closure stops bone growth angular limb deformities
62
what are the compartive features of the radius and ulna
cat: square olecranon, radius and ulna similar diameter pig: 2 complete separate bones ruminant: 2 complete bones that fuses as animal ages horse: body of ulna absent, rest is fused no rotation in large species
63
identify the features of the canine scapula
64
identify the features of the canine humerus
65
identify the components of the shoulder joint
66
what type of joint is the shoulder joint
synovial joint weak collateral ligaments
67
identify the structures of the radius and ulna
68
identify the skeletal structures of canine
69
identify the skeletal structures of the feline
70
identify the structures of the canine scapule
71
identify the structures of the humerus
72
identify the structures of the scapula
73
identify the structures of the radius and ulna
74
identify the structures of the ulna
75
identify the structures of the shoulder joint
76
identify the structures of the shoulder joint

Module 7 (50 decks)

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