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Module 7 > Skin Wound Healing 1 > Flashcards

Skin Wound Healing 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the pathway once tissue damage or necrosis has occured

A
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2
Q

what is the definition of repair

A

restoration of tissuestructure and function after an injury

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3
Q

what is the definition of regeneration

A

replacement of normal tissue components and return to a normal state

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4
Q

what is healing

A

results in scar formation (fibrous tissue) if the tissues are incapable of complete restitution or the supporting structures are severely damaged

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5
Q

what does repair require

A
  1. cell proliferation
  2. cell/cell interactions
  3. cell/extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions
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6
Q

what is cell proliferation

A

remnants of normal tissue attempt to restore normal structure

  • vascular endothelial cells –> new blood vessels
  • fibroblasts –> produce new fibrous tissues, fills fills defects
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7
Q

what are mechanisms regulating cell populations

A
  1. cell death (apoptosis)
  2. differentiation
  3. stem cells
  4. proliferation
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8
Q

what type of epithelium is the epidermis composed of

A

stratified squamous epithelium

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9
Q

what is a labile tisse

A

continuously dividing tissues –> continuously lost and replaced, maturation from stem cells, proliferation of matures cells

ex. epithelia including theepidermis

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10
Q

where are stemcells

A

in continuously dividing tissues

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11
Q

how are cells replaced

A

by differentiation of cells generated from stem cells

in equilibrium with death of mature cells

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12
Q

where are stem cells located in cells

A

on top of the basement membrane in the basal layer

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13
Q

where are skin stem cells located

A

epidermal basal layer

hair follicle bulge

can generate follicles and epidermis

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14
Q

how often do skin stem cells divide

A

slow-cylcing and only divide (asymmetrically) 4-6 times per year

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15
Q

which cells take care of the daily maintenance

A

rapidly dividing progenitor cells (transit amplifying cells)

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16
Q

which cells make a greater contribution to wound healing

A

progenitor cells only have a small and short-lived contribution to wound response

the slow cycling stem cells make a greater and more sustained contribution

17
Q

what are stable tissues

A
  1. in G0 state (quiescent)
  2. can proliferate in sresponse to injury
  3. parenchymal cells (liver, kidney, pacreas)
  4. cells in dermis (endothelial cells, fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells)
  5. limited capacity to regenerate
18
Q

what is the extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

network surrounding cells is dynamic –> synthesized locally by mesenchymal cells

19
Q

what are mesenchymal cells

A

connective tissue

muscle

blood and lymphatic vessels

20
Q

where is the extracellular matrix located

A

in the dermal layer

21
Q

what is the function of the extracellular matrix

A
  1. mechanical support for tissues
  2. substrate for cell growth and formation of tissue microenvironments (sequesters ions and water)
  3. regulates cell proliferation and differentiation
  4. scaffolding for tissue renewal
  5. storage and presentation of regulatory molecules
22
Q

what is contained in the ECM

A
  1. mesenchymal cells –> ex. fibroblasts
  2. collagens –> fibrous proteins (type I, II, II, fibrillar)
  3. water-hydrated gels = proteoglycans & hyaluronan
  4. adhesive glycoproteins –> fibronectin
23
Q

what are the categories of tissue

A
  1. connective
  2. epithelial
  3. muscular
  4. nervous
24
Q

what is connective tissue

A

the tissue that supports, binds or separates other tissues or organs

composed of mesenchymal cells and ECM

25
Q

when is repair by connective (fibrous) tissue

A

necessary if there is damage to the connective tissue (ECM plus mesenchymal cells) in addition to epithelial cells (ex. if dermis is injured as well as the epidermis)

the tissue cannot repair by regeneration alone (non-regenerated cells are replaced with fibrous tissue)

there is often a combination of repair with connective tissue plus regeneration

26
Q

what occurs in a minor superficial injury

A

only epithelial cells injured and they can regenerate –> no scar

27
Q

what occurs when there is a severe injury

A

a deeper injury –> the supporting connective tissue (dermis) is damaged too and that requires repair with connective tissue –> scar formation (has to heal from bottom up)

28
Q

regeneration is possible if

A

short lived injury

underlying tissue needs to be there

29
Q

repair is necessary if

A

prolonged injury, lots of damage

30
Q

stem cells can divide asymmetrically meaning

A

they regenerate themselves and produce a dividing cell

31
Q

progenitor cells (tranist amplifying cells) are important for

A

daily maintenance, constant renewal of skin

32
Q

which cells play a central role in wound healing

A

stem cells

33
Q

what are 3 mesenchymal cells

A
  1. chondrocytes producing chondroid
  2. osteoblast producing bone
  3. fibroblasts producing collagen
34
Q

a partial thickness injury to the epidermis is called an

A

erosion

35
Q

what is present in the ECM

A
36
Q

what is present in the ECM

A
37
Q

what is shown here

A
38
Q

which of these cell types is NOT mesenchymal?

A. osteocyte

B. epidermal cell

C. chondrocyte

D. fibroblast

E. smooth muscle cell

A

epidermal cell

39
Q

what are these lesions

A

ulcer

red rim of blood right through the epithelium

Module 7 (50 decks)

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