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Module 7 > Pelvis, Femur and Hip Joint > Flashcards

Pelvis, Femur and Hip Joint Flashcards

1
Q

what is the function of the forelimbs and hindlimbs in the horse

A

forelimbs - bear most weight

hindlimbs - propulsion

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2
Q

which joint in the hindlimb is fused

A

sacro-iliac –> allows transfer of forces from hindlimb to vertebral column

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3
Q

which joint is a pivotal point

A

hip joint

movement of hindlimb relative to trunk determined by hip joint

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4
Q

where is the pelvis

A

gluteal region

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5
Q

what type of bone is the pelvis

A

flat bone/irregular

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6
Q

what are the components of pelvis

A
  1. illium (most cranial)
  2. ischium (most caudal)
  3. pubis (most ventral)
  4. acetabular bone (where the other 3 bones meet)
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7
Q

what is the pelvic symphysis

A

bilaterally symmetrical –> formation of cartilage allows flexibility

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8
Q

what is the ilium

A

wing & body

palpable

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9
Q

where is the ilium located in the dog and cat

A

wing vertically orientated

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10
Q

where is the ilium located in horses and ruminants

A

wing horizontally orientated

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11
Q

what are the projections of the ilium in horses and ruminants

A
  1. tuber sacrale = medial projection
  2. tuber coxae = lateral projection
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12
Q

where is the ischium

A

caudal aspect of pelvic floor

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13
Q

what is the obturator foramen

A

opening for passage of obturator nerve and blood vessels –> function in hindlimb

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14
Q

what is the ischiatic arch

A

muscle attachment for reproductive organs

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15
Q

what is the tuber ischium/ischiatic tuberosity

A

palpable in all species

trifid in cow

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16
Q

what structures are these

A

* tuber sacrale = medial projection

+ tuber coxae = lateral projection

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17
Q

what are these structures

A

tuber ischium/ischiatic tuberosity

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18
Q

what structures are these

A

* obturator foramen

+ tuber ischium/ischiatic tuberosity

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19
Q

what is the pubis

A

cranial aspect pelvic floor

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20
Q

where does the pre-pubic tendon

A

attachment for rectus abdominis muscle

dotted line

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21
Q

what is the acetabulum

A

boundary of other bones

cup shaped

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22
Q

what is the lunate surface

A

crescent shaped

artibular surface for hip joint (head of femur)

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23
Q

what is the acetabulum covered in

A

hyaline cartilage

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24
Q

what is the acetabular notch and what is it filled by

A

ventral deficit

filled by the transverse ligament

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25
Q

what is the acetabular fossa

A

central non-articular area –> rough bone

attachment of ligament of head of femur/round/teres ligament

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26
Q

what are these structures

A

a: lunate surface
arrow: acetabular notch

*: attachment of ligament of head of femur/round/teres ligament

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27
Q

what are the centres of ossification of the pelvis

A

main centres: illium/ischium/pubis/acetabular bone

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28
Q

what are the secondary centres of ossification

A

dorsal wing of ilium

tuber ischium

ishiatic arch

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29
Q

what occurs at birth with pelvis

A

acetabular bone fuses before born

fuses together to form 2 halves

pelvic symphysis fuses last

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30
Q

what is the sacro-iliac joint

A

sacrum (S1) - wing of ilium

fibrous joint = fused

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31
Q

what is the function of the sacro-iliac joint

A

transmits forces from hindlimb during locomotion

32
Q

how many fused sacral vertebrae are on the dog sarcum and the horse sacrum

A

3 fused sacral vertebrae

5 fused vertebrae

33
Q

what is the sacrotuberous ligament in large species

A

broad fibrous sheet

attaches to scarum, ilium and ischium

34
Q

what is the sacrotuberous ligament in dogs

A

caudal edge remains as fibrous band

provides anchorage for sutures during muscle repair surgery

35
Q

where is the femur

A

thigh

36
Q

what type of bone is the femur

A

long bone

straight

37
Q

what is the shape of the femur

A

almost spherical

38
Q

what does the head of the femur articulate with

A

hip joint

39
Q

what does the smooth surface of the head of the femur contain

A

hyaline cartilage

40
Q

what is the fovea

A

depression of rough bone

attachment ligament of head of femur (round/teres ligament)

41
Q

what does the neck of the femur form

A

forms angle between head and body –> head sticks out in medial direction

42
Q

what is the greater trochanter

A

lateral

massive in larger species

palpable feature for locating hip joint

43
Q

what are these structures

A

*neck of femur

+greater trochaner

arrow: head

44
Q

what is on the caudal aspect of the femur

A

medial condyle

lateral condyle

intercondylar fosa

45
Q

what are the condyles of the femur

A

covered with smooth bone and cartilage

articulate with tibia = stifle joint

46
Q

what is the intercondylar fossa

A

rough bone

non articular

attachment of ligaments

47
Q

what are these structures

A

c: medial condyle
c: lateral condyle
f: intercondyle fossa

48
Q

what is on the cranial aspect of the femur

A

medial trochlear ridge

lateral trochlear ridge

trochlear groove

49
Q

what structures are these

A

r: medial trochlear ridge
r: lateral trochlear ridge
g: trochlear groove

50
Q

what is the trochlear groove

A

smooth surface

hyaline cartilage

articulates with patella

51
Q

what are the centres of ossification of the femur

A

head

greater trochanter

body

distal epiphysis

total number = 4

52
Q

what type of joint is the hip joint

A

ball and socket

53
Q

what are the components of the hip joint

A

head of femur

acetabulum of pelvis (lunate surface, extended by labrum)

54
Q

what does the hip joint not have

A

no collateral ligaments –> doesn’t restric movement

55
Q

how is the hip joint stabilized

A
  1. ligament of head of femur/teres ligament/round ligament
  2. surrounding muscle mass
56
Q

what type of movement does the hip joint allow in dogs

A

large range of movement

pivotal point:

hip flexion = limb protraction

hip extension = limb retraction

abduction

adduction

57
Q

what hip movement is allowed in horses

A

limited

restriction to flexion and extension

no abduction

58
Q

why is the hip restricted to limited movement

A

extensive surrounding muscle mass

ligament of head of femur –> accessory ligament

continuation of prepubic tendon

59
Q

what are the best views of the hip joint on radiograph

A

lateral view - superimposition

ventro-dorsal view –> bones symmetrical = straight

60
Q

what are the borders of the hip joint

A
  1. dorsal
  2. ventral
  3. cranial acetabular edge/rim
  4. caudal acetabular edge/rim

*location of dorsal border relative to head of femur

61
Q

what are the palpable features of the hip joint

A

3 palpable structures from triange

should be bilaterally symmetrical

62
Q

what are the clinical considerations of the hip joint

A
  1. luxation/dislocation –> usually traumatic
  2. subluxation/loose hips –> hip dysplasia in young dogs (causes abnormal wear to head of femur)
  3. degenerative joint disease –> older animals (cranial + caudal edges of acetabulum, neck of femus)
63
Q

what pathology is occuring here

A

luxation/dislocation

64
Q

what pathology is occuring here

A

subluxation/loose hips

65
Q

what pathology is happening

A

degenerative joint disease

66
Q

what is the blood supply to the hip joint

A

joint capsule attached round neck –> vessels run from neck - head

vulnerable to damage

67
Q

what is the clinical significance of the blood supply to the hip joint

A

femoral neck fracture

femoral head physeal separation

avascular necrosis

68
Q

identify the components of the ruminant pelvis (lateral view)

A
69
Q

identify the components of the ruminant pelvis (medial view)

A
70
Q

identify the pelvic structures in the ruminant

A
71
Q

identify the dog pelvic bone and hip bone structures

A
72
Q

identify the components of the femur

A
73
Q

identify the components of the hip bone

A
74
Q

identify the structures of the hip bones

A
75
Q

identify the structures of the pelvis

A

Module 7 (50 decks)

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