HPHD Health Related Behaviour and Substance Misuse Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in HPHD Health Related Behaviour and Substance Misuse Deck (19)
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1
Q

What is health related behaviour?

A

Any activity that may promote good health or leads to illness eg exercise, smoking, safer sex behaviour, adhering to treatment

2
Q

Why is health related behaviour important?

A

At least 1/3 of all disease in developed countries is due to tobacco, alcohol, blood pressure, cholesterol and obesity

3
Q

List the learning theories

A
  • classical conditioning
  • operant conditioning
  • social learning theory
4
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

Describes the way learning happens through unconscious association. Conditioned behaviours become habit.
eg anticipatory nausea in chemotherapy
smoking/drinking can become paired with emotions such as anxiety

5
Q

How can classical conditioning be used to change health behaviour?

A

Have to break unconscious response by changing habits
Adverse techniques can be used for smoking/alcohol misuse by pairing the behaviour with an unpleasant response eg medication to induce nausea when drinking alcohol eg disulfarim

6
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

People act on the environment and their behaviour is shaped by consequences such as reward or punishment. (needs to be almost immediate)
Eg behaviour increases if it is rewarded or a punishment is removed and visa versa

7
Q

How can operant conditioning be used to change health behaviour?

A

Behaviour needs to be shaped by rewards eg the money used to buy a packet of cigs can go towards a holiday

The problem is unhealthy behaviours are immediately rewarding and humans are driven by short term rewards

8
Q

What is the social learning theory?

A

People learn via observation and modelling and are motivated to perform behaviours if the behaviour is valued and they have self efficacy.
We learn what behaviours are valued from observing others
Modelling is more effective if they are high status or similar to us

9
Q

How can the social learning theory be used to change health related behaviour?

A
  • the use of celebrities in health promotion campaigns

- peer modelling and education eg safer sex

10
Q

List the social cognition models

A
  • The health belief model

- The theory of planned behaviour

11
Q

What is the health belief model?

A

Beliefs about a health threat (how likely it is and how bad it would be if it actually happened)

Beliefs about health related behaviour (perceived benefits and barriers)

Cue to action (reminders)

All lead to likeliness of ACTION

12
Q

What is the theory of planned behaviour?

A

It is a tool to predict someones intentions
Looks at attitude towards the behaviour, the subjective norm eg what other think, and perceived control

Although it is a good tool to predict intentions it doesnt mean they actually will change their behaviour

13
Q

How can intentions be translated into behaviour?

A
  • make concrete plans of action eg what i will do and where

- writing things down makes us more likely to do them

14
Q

What is the stages of change model?

A

People opinions and willingness to change their behaviour are not static, the stages of change model has 5 stages people pass through over time when making a decision or making the change

Precontemplation –> contemplation –> preparation –> action –> maintenance –> relapse –>

15
Q

Why do people use drugs and alcohol?

A

The reasons are very complex

  • social factors eg deprivation
  • emotional factors
  • environement eg the people you are with
  • psychological factors
16
Q

What are the different levels of alcohol drinking?

A

Low risk (77%): those who dont drink, and those who drink within the department of healths guidelines, and are therefore at low risk of harmful effects

Hazardous drinking: people who drink more than the guidelines however have avoided any significant alcohol related problems, they are at risk of harmful consequences

Harmful drinking: Drinking at very high levels and show clear evidence of alcohol related harm (physically or mentally)

17
Q

What are the different levels of dependence on alcohol?

A

Moderate dependence: drinkers with a degree of dependence however do no need to drink to prevent physical withdrawal. Suitable for detox in the community

Severe dependence: chronic alcoholics who need to ‘relief drink’ to stop withdrawal symptoms - may require in patient detox

18
Q

What are the different tools for screening people for levels of alcohol use?

A

CAGE: Cut down, Annoyed, Guilt, Eye opener
AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Kit
FAST: Fast Alcohol Screening Test
PAT: Paddington Alcohol Test

19
Q

What is the management for patients with alcohol problems?

A

Alcohol Detoxification: treating patients with withdrawal symptoms during medically assisted withdrawal.

Supportive treatment: nutritional supplements as a harm reduction measure for heavy drinkers

Relapse prevention: medications to promote abstinence eg disulfarim

Counselling and advice

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