Illness and Health Care

Question 1

n=1 fallacy.

Answer 1

Sample size is one, where you personalize things.

Question 2

What are the 4 main concerns of sociologists?

Answer 2

• Impact of social forces.
• Distribution of effects.
• Impact on individuals.
• Health care questions.

Question 3

Health care from a structural-functionalist perspective.

Answer 3

Illness, health, and health care affect and are affected by changes in other aspects of social life

Question 4

Health Care System according to a Structural-Functionalist perspective.

Answer 4

An institution that functions to maintain the well-being of societal member and of the social system as a whole.

Question 5

Illness according to a Structural-Functionalist perspective.

Answer 5

A dysfunctional condition (deviance) that interferes with people performing needed social roles (societal functioning).

Question 6

Anything outside of societal norms are considered ___ according to a Structural-Functionalist perspective.

Answer 6

Deviance

Question 7

Illness is ___ according to a Structural-Functionalist perspective.

Answer 7

Deviance.

Question 8

According to a Structural-Functionalist perspective, what did Talcott Parsons say about the ill?

Answer 8

The ill adopt a Sick Role.

Question 9

Sick Role according to a Structural-Functionalist perspective.

Answer 9

Society allows them to temporarily withdraw while they recuperate.

Question 10

Sick Role is ___ deviance according to a Structural-Functionalist perspective.

Answer 10

Sanctioned.

Question 11

What is the expectation of the Sick Role according to a Structural-Functionalist perspective?

Answer 11

Person will see medical advice, adhere to prescribed regimen, and return to normal roles as soon as possible.

Question 12

What did Ivan Emke encourage?

Answer 12

Responsibilization in an increasingly neo-liberal system.

Question 13

Who put the responsibility on individuals to limit the demands on the health care system?

Answer 13

Ivan Emke.

Question 14

___ ___ disputed the presence of a “Sick Role.”

Answer 14

Ivan Emke.

Question 15

How does the Symbolic Interactionist Perspective look at health care?

Answer 15

How do meanings, definitions, and labels influence health? How are they learned through interaction with others and through media messages and portrayals?

Question 16

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective says that illness and disease are ___ definitions.

Answer 16

Social.

Question 17

What are some stigmatizing effects of being labelled sick or mentally ill?

Answer 17

• Condition may become a person’s master status.

- Label may lead to prejudice, discrimination, violence.

Question 18

The Symbolic Interactionist Perspective says that there is a trend towards ___ in health care.

Answer 18

Medicalization.

Question 19

Karl Marx wants to ___ the world, not just to interpret the world.

Answer 19

Change.

Question 20

Health

Answer 20

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well being.

Question 21

There is a need to consider social structure and ___.

Answer 21

Culture.

Question 22

Concerned with the notion of epic theatre and how to force the audience to become part of play. Asked what social conditions are that contribute to poor health.

Answer 22

Bertolt Brecht.

Question 23

Who was concerned with the social determinants of health?

Answer 23

Irving Zola, Bertolt Brecht.

Question 24

Social Determinants of Health

Answer 24

The conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, including the health system.

Question 25

Social Determinants of Health are shaped by...

Answer 25

The distribution of money, power, and resources.

Question 26

There is a trend towards ___.

Answer 26

Medicalization.

Question 27

Medicalization

Answer 27

The tendency to define negatively defined behaviours as medical problems in need of medical intervention.

Question 28

Give an example of medicalization.

Answer 28

Shyness or female sexual dysfunction is treated as a medical problem.

Question 29

SDH mostly responsible for health ___.

Answer 29

Inequalities.

Question 30

Health Inequalities

Answer 30

The unfair and avoidable differences in health status.

Question 31

Do individual lifestyle factors play a role in health?

Answer 31

Yes, but there are other social factors to think about.

Question 32

The biomedical model of health just aims to treat...

Answer 32

Medical problems on an individual basis.

Question 33

What does the conflict perspective say about health care?

Answer 33

Heatlh, health care, and research are affected by wealth, status, power, or the lack thereof.

Question 34

According to the conflict perspective, how is medicine like a commodity?

Answer 34

It can be produced and sold - people struggle over scarce resources (medical resources).

Question 35

In the conflict perspective, ___ motive underlies illness, injury, and death. Is related to working conditions and dangerous consumer products.

Answer 35

Profit.

Question 36

Corporate violence

Answer 36

Producing things that may not be beneficial, and may in fact harm people.

Question 37

Dr. Devra Davis

Answer 37

Epidemiologist that argues that why would corporations want to get rid of cancer when they can profit from it? Selling hope for too long.

Question 38

According to the feminist perspective, health care is understood through understanding that...

Answer 38

Gender is central to social life (not peripheral).

Question 39

The feminist perspective is also tied to...

Answer 39

Class, race, ethnicity, and age.

Question 40

Which is correct? Social class or socio-economic status?

Answer 40

Socio-economic status.

Question 41

SES

Answer 41

Combination of economic and social circumstances that shape one’s experiences as a member of a given class.

Question 42

SES looks at...

Answer 42

Occupation, education, income, wealth.

Question 43

What is SES's impact on health?

Answer 43

Many women must "double shift."

Question 44

Double Shift

Answer 44

Women have greater responsibility for home life, as well as bringing in an income.

Question 45

What is an effect of the Double Shift?

Answer 45

Increased rate of heart problems.

Question 46

Women's health is defined and understood on the basis of...

Answer 46

A male-centric model and male norms.

Question 47

What are 4 social factors associated with health and illness?

Answer 47

- Social class and poverty. - Education. - Gender. - Racial and ethnic minority status.

Question 48

What are some determinants of mental health?

Answer 48

- Biological. - Poverty. - History of abuse. - Emotional trauma. - Increased life expectancy. - War and conflict.

Question 49

What is the world's leading health problem?

Answer 49

Poverty.

Question 50

What are some things associated with poverty?

Answer 50

- Unsanitary living conditions. - Hazardous working conditions. - Lack of access to medical care. - Inadequate nutrition.

Question 51

What is low socioeconomic status associated with?

Answer 51

Increased risks of: - Psychiatric conditions. - Higher rates of mortality. - Higher levels of stress.

Question 52

What is education associated with?

Answer 52

- Higher rates of health problems and mortality. - Less educated are more likely to engage in health-risk behaviours, such as smoking and heavy drinking. - Less educated women: - Less likely to seek prenatal care. - More likely to smoke during pregnancy.

Question 53

What is gender associated with?

Answer 53

- Discrimination and violence against women/girls produce adverse health effects. - Violence against women - major public health concern. - Currently in Canada. - Women live longer than men. - Higher rates of illness and disability. - Men are less likely to seek medical care. Why?

Question 54

What do racial and ethnic minority status indicate?

Answer 54

Inadequate income, welfare, substandard housing conditions, stress on mental health, and well-being evident in people’s lives.

Question 55

How is the situation of Aboriginal peoples indicative of a social problem?

Answer 55

- Life expectancy: 7-8 years shorter than non-Aboriginal Canadians. - Infant mortality: 2x higher. - Accidental death and injury among children: 4x higher.

Question 56

What is the primary strategy for action?

Answer 56

Poverty alleviation.