Flashcards in Infectious Disease 5 Deck (45):
1
How is anthrax transmitted?
Animals/contact with animals (sheep and goats)
2
How is anthrax weaponized?
Powder form that is inhaled
3
How does Anthrax present cutaneously?
Hemmorrhagic pustule that turns into a black eschar
4
How does pulmonary disease involving anthrax present?
Pneumonia with serofibrinous exudate and septicemia
5
How do you control for anthrax?
Vaccine, penicillin, and doxycycline
6
What gives mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to intracellular killing?
Glycolipids
7
Histologic hallmark of Mycobacterium TB?
Caseating granulomas
8
What endotoxins/exotoxins/histolytic enzymes are involved in TB?
None
9
What type of hypersensitivity reaction is TB?
4
10
What is a granuloma?
Inability of macrophage to kill bacteria that results in persistent infection
11
What results in secretion of interferon gamma?
Development of TH1 cells
12
What does TNF result in?
Chemotaxis and collection of monocytes
13
What does interferon gamma result in?
Aggregation of epithelia macrophages
14
What does granuloma formation cause?
Chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and caseous necrosis
15
What is a Ghon complex?
Primary lung lesion with caseating granulomas in draining lymph nodes
16
What is secondary TB?
Re-activation/re-infection in previously sensitized individual
17
Tertiary TB leads to what>
Empyema, bacteremia, and extension to other parts of lung
18
What is Quanti-feron test for TB?
In vitro measure of interferon in response to M.TB
19
Where does Leprosy infect?
Skin and nerves
20
Why does Leprosy target skin and nerves?
They are the coolest parts of the body
21
How does tuberculoid leprosy appear?
Granulomatous
22
How does lepromatous form appear?
Foam cells, lack of TH1 immunity, proliferation in macrophages
23
Which form of leprosy is contagious?
Lepromatous
24
Syphillis has an outer health that serves to do what?
Cause persistence by hiding antigens
25
How is Syphillis spread>
Transplacental and sexually
26
In the Syphillis nonspecific antibody test what are you looking for?
Cardiolipin
27
What are common false positives in Syphillis antibody tests?
Mono and Lupus
28
What is present during primary stage of Syphilis?
No antibodies, organism is present
29
What is present during secondary stage of Syphilis?
Both antibodies and organism are present
30
What is present for 3rd stage of syphilis?
Antibodies present, no organisms though
31
What are Syphilis chancres infiltrated with?
TH1 cells
32
What is central to pathology of all lesions in Syphilis?
Endarteritis
33
Where does primary Syphilis develop?
Hard chancre at site of spirochete invasion
34
What are the elevated plaques by the penis/vulva called in secondary syphilis?
Condylomata Lata
35
How long until secondary stage shows up for syphilis>
2-10 weeks after primary
36
How long until tertiary symptoms of Syphilus show?
5 years or more
37
Most commonly affected system from tertiary syphilis?
Cardiovascular
38
What is Charcot's joint?
Sensory loss, can't feel feet.
39
What will the CSF look like for Syphilis in 3rd stage?
Increased WBC count, increased protein, decreased glucose
40
Saber shin, saddle nose, and Hutchinson teeth from what?
Late abortionCongenital infection with Syphilis
41
What type of abortion can Syphilis cause?
Late
42
Anthrax infections associated with what?
Leukopenia
43
What causes death in Anthrax?
Electrolyte imbalance
Hemoconcentration
DIC
44
TB intra or extracellular?
Intra
45