Flashcards in Parasite 2 Deck (79)
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1
Tissue response to Helminths and Vermin?
Eosinophilic
2
What are the eosinophilic responses?
1) IgE, mast cells
2) Eosiniphilic chemotaxic factors
3) IL-4 and IL-5
3
Function of IL-4?
Switch to make IgE
4
Most important fatal helminth disease in humans?
Schistosomiasis
5
Death from Schistosomes caused by?
Hepatic granulomas and fibrosis
6
What does Schistosomiasis haematobium in Africa cause?
Hematuria/obstruction of bladder
Predisposition to squamous cell carcinoma of bladder
7
Where are sporocysts of Schistosomiasis?
Fresh water snails
8
How do fresh water snails infect humans?
They give rise to cercaria that penetrate through skin
9
Where do schistosome migrate after skin penetration?
Peripheral vasculature to portal venous system and pelvic venus system
10
How does tissue react to schistosome eggs?
Granulomas and fibrosis
11
What completes life cycle of schistosomes?
Eggs shed in feces that hatch in water
12
What causes the hepatic damage of schistosomes?
Toxic products and cell mediated immunity
13
Which interleukins result in induction of IgE synthesis, mastocytosis, and eosinophilia?
IL-3, 4, and 5
14
Resistance to re-infection correlates with what?
IgE levels
15
Eggs induce lymphocytes to secrete what?
Fibrogenic factors
16
Hallmark of Schistosomiasis?
Hepatic fibrosis out of proportion to parasite injury
17
Pathology of Schisto?
Calcified pinhead granulomas form around schisto egg
18
What do schisto granulomas induce?
Macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils
19
Appearance of portal fibrosis in Schisto?
Pipestem
20
Pipestem fibrosis results in what in Schisto?
Portal hypertension
Splenomegaly
Esophageal varices
Ascites
21
How does one get liver flukes (Clonorchis siensis)?
Eating improperly cooked fish
22
Where do adult flukes live?
Biliary ducts
23
How long do flukes live?
20 years
24
Chronic infection with liver flukes can cause what?
Cholangitis, cholelithiasis, pancreatitis, and cholangiocarcinoma
25
How does one get Taenia saginata?
Ingestion of undercooked beef
26
How do you get Taenia solium?
Ingestion of undercooked pork
27
Which Taenia causes Cysticercosus?
T. solium
28
How does T. solium cause cysticercosus?
Eggs ingested, larvae hatch, penetrate gut wall, hematogenous dissemination results in cysts in CNS.
29
Which cysts in CNS cause problems?
Degenerating cysts. Intact cysts cause little host reaction
30
