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KINESIOLOGY Flashcards

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1
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

4 types of fractures

A
  1. closed (doesn’t penetrate skin)
  2. open/compound (penetrate skin)
  3. green stick (incomplete, on one side)
  4. comminuted (shattered)
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2
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

what is osteoporosis?

A

bone mass decline

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3
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

1) what is osteoarthritis?

2) caused by:

3) what can form that restricts movement

A

1) degenerative disease

2) age , wear + tear
traumatic sport injury
deterioration of cartilage

3) bone spurs

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4
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

what is rheumatoid arthritis ?

A

autoimmune disorder
cartilage attacked
inflammation
joint fuses

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5
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

skeletal muscles functions (4)

A

MOVEMENT
POSTURE
thermoregulation
store + move substances

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6
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

define:
ORIGIN
INSERTION

A

ORIGIN : tendon attachment NEAREST centre of body

INSERTION : tendon attachment FURTHEST centre of body

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7
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS - rotational movement

what is it created by?
what’s the equation for it?

A

torque

TORQUE = Force x perpendicular distance from pivot

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8
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS
what does a longer lever arm do in rotational movement?

A

increase torque
decrease rom
decrease joint angular veloc (speed)

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9
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

CONCENTRIC
ECCENTRIC
ISOMETRIC

A

CONCENTRIC: muscle shortening in tension

ECCENTRIC: muscle lengthening in tension

ISOMETRIC: muscle constant length in tension

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10
Q

SKELETAL DISORDERS

1) AGONIST
2) ANTAGONIST
3) STABILISER
4) SYNERGIST

A

1) muscle control/perform movement
2) appose agonist
3) contract, stabilise joint
4) assist agonist

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11
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

how many bones in foot?

A

26

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12
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what are the functions of the foot?

A

load bearing

locomotion

shock absorber

lever

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13
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

longitudinal arch position
(5)

A

calcaneus
talus
navicular
cuneiforms/cuboid
metatarsals

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14
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

transverse arch position
from ________ to _________

A

1st to 5th metatarsal

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15
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what is the name of:

low arch

high arch

A

PES PLANUS

PES CAVUS

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16
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what is the name of the ligamentous structure
attached to?

A

PLANTAR FASCIA

calcaneus
metatarsal
phalanges
skin

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17
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what is the ankle joint aka?

A

TALOCRURAL JOINT

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18
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what type of joint is the ankle joint?
what 2 movements does it allow?

A

hinge
dorsiflexion
plantar flexion

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19
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what are the 2 joints that allow inversion + eversion in ankle?

what type of joints are they?

A

subtalar joint

transverse tarsal joint

gliding

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20
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

name 3 joints in the foot

A

tarsometatarsal

metatarsophalangeal

interphalangeal

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21
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what are the 4 compartments of muscles

A

superficial posterior

deep posterior

anterior

lateral

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22
Q

ANKLE + FOOT

what muscles are the:
superficial posterior

what are these muscles role

A

GASTROCNEMIUS

SOLEUS

primary plantar flexors

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23
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what is the origin and insertion of the:
GASTROCNEMIUS

A

O: posterior of femoral condyles

I: calcaneus

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24
Q

ANKLE + FOOT
what is the origin and insertion of the:
SOLEUS

A

O: posterior of proximal fibula + tibia

I: Calcaneus

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25
ANKLE + FOOT what muscles are the: DEEP POSTERIOR
Tibialis posterior o: interosseous membrane I: navicular cuneiforms , plantar surface
26
ANKLE + FOOT achilles tendon rupture
symptom: sharp heal pain, snap, pain walking causes: sudden dorsiflexion in tension, sudden activation
27
ANKLE + FOOT shin splints
small tear/inflammation of muscle attaching to tibia stress fracture
28
ANKLE + FOOT ankle sprain injury
90% caused by inversion change or reoccurrence = 50%
29
ANKLE + FOOT what movements does deep posterior do? name of 2 muscles that assist
plantar flexion inversion flexor digitorum longus FDL flexor hallucis longus FHL
30
ANKLE + FOOT anterior compartment (3) what do they act as
tibialis anterior extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum longus - primary dorsiflexors
31
ANKLE + FOOT lateral compartment (4) what movement
peroneus longus (plantar) peroneus brevis (plantar) peroneus Tertius (dorsi) primary evertors
32
THE KNEE 3 bones that articulate the knee
patella femur tibia
33
THE KNEE 2 joints at the knee what type are they
tibiofemoral joint (hinge) patellofemoral joint (gliding)
34
THE KNEE what are the 2 ligaments either side of knee
lateral collateral ligament medial collateral ligament
35
THE KNEE what ligament stops tibia moving forward
anterior cruciate ligament
36
THE KNEE what ligament stops tibia moving backward
posterior cruciate ligament
37
THE KNEE roles of MENISCI
stability lubrication shock absorption
38
THE KNEE what type of bone is the patella
sesamoid bone (embedded in quad tendon)
39
THE KNEE role of patella
protect anterior knee structures from trauma lever, increase quad lever arm increase torque
40
THE KNEE what are the 3 main bones of the hip
illium pubis ischium
41
THE KNEE what is AIIS and ASIS
(ridge of illium to acetabulum) AIIS = anterior inferior iliac spine ASIS = anterior superior iliac spine
42
THE KNEE 4 features of the femur name of bony bridge
head of femur with acetabulum greater trochanter lesser trochanter linea aspera
43
THE KNEE name the 4 parts of the quadricep
rectus femoris vastus medialis vastus intermedius vastus lateralis
44
THE KNEE rectus femoris
o = AIIS I = tibial tuberosity
45
THE KNEE vastus medialis
o = medial side lines aspera I = tibial tuberosity
46
THE KNEE vastus intermedius
o = anterolateral femur I = tibial tuberosity
47
THE KNEE vastus lateralis
o = greater trochanter and lateral lines aspera I = tibial tuberosity
48
THE KNEE 3 parts of hamstring
bicep femoris semi tendinitis semi membranous
49
THE KNEE bicep femoris
o = long head, ischial tuberosity o = short head, lines aspera I = head of fibula
50
THE KNEE semi tendinosis
o = ischial tuberosity I = anteromedial tibia
51
THE KNEE semi membranous
o = ischial tuberosity I = medial condyle of tibia
52
THE KNEE 4 other knee flexors
GASTROCNEMIUS - down to calcaneus POPLITEUS - knee rotation SATORIUS - front of femur to quad behind knee capsule GRACILIS - hip adductor
53
THE KNEE summarise biarticular muscles
muscle shortens pulls origin closer to insertion equal force at O + I torque at both joints
54
THE KNEE what is the Q angle what is this angle between
angle of line of pull on quadriceps between: - line from ASIS to patella midpoint - line from patella midpoint to tibial tuberosity
55
THE KNEE name for: 1. knock kneed 2. bow legged
1) VALGUS , genu valgum 2) VARUS , genu varum
56
THE KNEE what is the name for 'runners knee' risk factors
chondromalacia patella mistrack of patella - high q angle - pronation - high patella - weak vastus medialis
57
THE KNEE
58
HIP + PELVIS 3 main joints + what type
1) ACETABULOFEMORAL : ball and socket 2) SACROILIAC : gliding , lock when weight bear 3) PUBIC SYMPHYSIS: slightly moveable
59
HIP + PELVIS 3 bones that make pelvis
ilium ischium pubis
60
HIP + PELVIS what main quadricep causes hip flexion?
rectus femoris
61
HIP + PELVIS what is the most powerful hip flexor? location?
iliacus psoas O: T12 - L5 I: lesser trochanter
62
HIP + PELVIS name the 5 hip flexors
iliacus psoas rectus femoris sartorius tensor fascia latae pectineus
63
HIP + PELVIS rectus femoris O + I
O : AIIS I : tibial tuberosity anterior to femur
64
HIP + PELVIS sartorius O + I
O : ASIS I : anteromedial tibia medial of femur, anterior
65
HIP + PELVIS tensor fascia latae O + I
O : ASIS I : iliotibial band -- lateral tibial condyle lateral of femur , anterior
66
HIP + PELVIS pectineus O + I
O : pubis I : medial femur
67
HIP + PELVIS hip extensor
GLUTEUS MAXIMUS O: posterior part of coccyx, illiac crest, sacrum I : ridge of greater trochanter
68
HIP + PELVIS what part of bicep femurs involved in hip extension?
long head
69
HIP + PELVIS name the 5 hip adductors
adductor brevis adductor longus adductor Magnus pectineus gracilis
70
HIP + PELVIS adductor brevis O + I
O: pubis I: linea aspera
71
HIP + PELVIS adductor longus O + I
O: pubis I: linea aspera
72
HIP + PELVIS adductor magus O + I
O: pubis + ischial tuberosity I: linea aspera + femur medial condyle
73
HIP + PELVIS pectineus O + I
O: anterior pubis I: inferior -- lesser trochanter
74
HIP + PELVIS gracilis O + I
O: pubis I: anteromedial tibia
75
HIP + PELVIS 2 hip adductors
GLUTEUS MEDIUS O: lateral ilium below crest I: greater trochanter GLUTEUS MINIMUS O: lateral ilium below GM I: greater trochanter
76
HIP + PELVIS how many muscles allow external rotation of hip? where are they located?
6 back of greater trochanter + gluteus maximus
77
HIP + PELVIS what muscles allow internal rotation of the hip?
no primary muscle , many contribute
78
HIP + PELVIS what is Lombard's paradox?
anatomical differences created torque so net movement in one direction so don't get stuck
79
HIP + PELVIS femoralacetabular impingement caused by: what does it cause: who's ar higher risk:
caused by: - abnormal growth of femur/acetablum damage cartilage of joint hip osteoarthiritis higher risk in young
80
HIP + PELVIS iliotibial band syndrome
if tight: inflammation on lateral side of knee friction between iliotibial band + lateral condyle of femur
81
SPINE + ABDOMEN regions of the spine and how many vertebrae in each
Cervical 7 Thoracic 12 Lumbar 5 Sacrum. 1 Coccyx 1
82
SPINE + ABDOMEN what type of joint is the intervertebral joint in the spine
symphysis - one bone meets another
83
SPINE + ABDOMEN name the 4 key joints in spine
ATLANTO-OCCIPITAL ATLANTOAXIAL INTEVERTEBRAL LUMBOSACRAL
84
SPINE + ABDOMEN where is the Atlanta-occipital joint
between atlas + occipital condyles of skull
85
SPINE + ABDOMEN where is the atlantoaxial joint
between 1st cervical (atlas) and 2nd cervical (axis)
86
SPINE + ABDOMEN where is the intervertebral joints
joints in vertebrae fibrocartilage pads
87
SPINE + ABDOMEN where is the lumbosacral joint
between lumbar + sacrum
88
SPINE + ABDOMEN facet joint
gliding joint rib + thoracic vertebrae, allows rib to move up and down
89
SPINE + ABDOMEN VERTEBRAE 1) where is the pressure disbursed? 2) what is the vertebrae foramen? 3) name the 2 processes that come off?
1) vertebrae body 2) space for spinal chord 3) spinous transverse
90
SPINE + ABDOMEN where is the intervertebral foramen?
back of vertebrae articulating processes come down and overlap
91
SPINE + ABDOMEN describe ideal posture from side on view (saggital)
ear shoulder (hip) greater trochanter (top of femur) knee ankle
92
SPINE + ABDOMEN describe ideal posture from frontal view
neutral head level shoulders level pelvis neutral knee position feet not pronated/supinated
93
SPINE + ABDOMEN posture: arch in back, head forward thoracic flexion
kyphosis short tight neck extensors weak long neck flexors
94
SPINE + ABDOMEN posture: anterior tilt of pelvis 'bend belly forward' why does this happen?
lordosis weak abs so can't hold tight quadriceps , rectus femoris pull on pelvis
95
SPINE + ABDOMEN posture: S shaped curvature
scoliosis uneven shoulders
96
SPINE + ABDOMEN 3 movements in lumbar spine
lumbar flexion = sit up lumbar extension = lay on front, contract lift chest up lumbar rotation = sit and rotate upper body lateral flexion = (no lateral extension) left or right
97
SPINE + ABDOMEN what pelvis action does: LUMBAR FLEXION cause
anterior pelvic rotation
98
SPINE + ABDOMEN what pelvis action does: LUMBAR EXTENSION cause
posterior pelvic rotation
99
SPINE + ABDOMEN what spine action does: ANTERIOR PELVIC ROTATION cause
lumbar extension
100
SPINE + ABDOMEN what spine action does: POSTERIOR PELVIC ROTATION cause
lumbar flexion
101
SPINE + ABDOMEN what are the main agonists?
RECTUS ABDOMINIS
102
SPINE + ABDOMEN rectus abdominis O + I
O: pubis crest I: 5,6,7 rib cartilage , xiphoid process
103
SPINE + ABDOMEN what movements do RECTUS ABDOMINIS cause 1)both sides 2) left side 3) right side
1) lumbar flexion 2) lateral flexion to left 3) lateral flexion to right
104
SPINE + ABDOMEN what is the fibrous line between 2 sides of rectus abdomens
linea alba
105
SPINE + ABDOMEN what gives the 6 pack look? what does it do?
tendinous inscription more control over lumbar flexion
106
SPINE + ABDOMEN what movement do EXTERNAL OBLIQUES create
lumbar rotation to opposite side lateral flexion to same side
107
SPINE + ABDOMEN what movement do INTERNAL OBLIQUES create
lumbar rotation to same side lateral flexion to same side
108
SPINE + ABDOMEN external obliques O + I
O = border of 8th rib I = anterior part of ilium crest
109
SPINE + ABDOMEN internal obliques O + I
O = inguinal ligament, 2/3 iliac crest I = costal cartilage, 8 9 10 ribs
110
SPINE + ABDOMEN transverse abdominus role
maintain stable, balanced abdomen CORE STABILITY
111
SPINE + ABDOMEN role of erector spinae
neck and head extension upright position
112
SPINE + ABDOMEN what back muscle originates: posterior inner lip iliac crest inserts: 12th rib L1-4
quadrates lumborum
113
SPINE + ABDOMEN what movement does quadrates lumborum cause
contracting = lateral flexion extension of lumbar spine region deep posture, stability
114
SPINE + ABDOMEN define core stability
ability of muscles in abdomen to maintain stable balanced pelvis + abdomen
115
SPINE + ABDOMEN what does IAP stand for
intra abdominal pressure
116
SPINE + ABDOMEN risk factors of lower back pain (3)
poor posture muscle imbalance poor core stability
117
SHOULDER GIRDLE what 3 bones are in shoulder girdle
scapula clavicle manubrium (top of sternum/clavicle)
118
SHOULDER GIRDLE 2 joint names
acromioclavicular joint sternoclavicular joint
119
SHOULDER GIRDLE Acromioclavicular joint what type? what bones? what movement?
gliding acromion process of scapula + outer end of clavicle greater movement
120
SHOULDER GIRDLE sternoclavicular joint what type? what bones? what movement?
saddle sternum , clavicle ab/adduction, depression, elevation
121
SHOULDER GIRDLE what is special about the sternoclavicular joint?
only bony connection between upper appendicular skeleton + axial skeleton
122
SHOULDER GIRDLE look at scapula anatomy and label:
superior angle spine of scapula coracoid process acromion process glenoid fossa inferior angle
123
SHOULDER GIRDLE 5 movements possible by shoulder girdle
elevation abduction depression adduction upward rotation
124
SHOULDER GIRDLE what's the ligament called that supports the weight of the head
nuchal ligament
125
SHOULDER GIRDLE posterior muscles of shoulder girdle (3)
trapezius rhomboids levator scapulae
126
SHOULDER GIRDLE anterior muscles of shoulder girdle (2)
pectorals minor serratus anterior
127
SHOULDER GIRDLE what movement do the: rhomboid + levator scapulae cause
elevation adduction downward rotation
128
SHOULDER GIRDLE where are the rhomboids + elevator scapulae inserted
R: c5 - t7 LS: c1 - c4
129
SHOULDER GIRDLE trapezius movements at: 1) upper fibres 2) middle fibres 3) lower fibres
1) adduction, elevation 2) adduction 3) adduction, depression, upward rotation
130
SHOULDER GIRDLE serrates anterior movement O I
abduction, upward rotation o: upper 9th rib I : medial border of scapula
131
SHOULDER GIRDLE pectoralis major movement o I
abduction depression downward rotation o: rib 3 4 5 I : coracoid process
132
SHOULDER GIRDLE what muscles cause: elevation
Levator scapulae , rhomboid, upper trap
133
SHOULDER GIRDLE what muscles cause: depression
lower trap, pec minor
134
SHOULDER GIRDLE what muscles cause: adduction
all traps, rhomboids, Levator scapulae
135
SHOULDER GIRDLE what muscles cause: abduction
serrates anterior, pectoralis minor
136
SHOULDER GIRDLE what muscles cause: upward rotation
traps , serratus anterior
137
SHOULDER GIRDLE what muscles cause: downward rotation
pec minor, rhomboid, LS
138
SHOULDER GIRDLE most common injury here
fractured clavicle
139
SHOULDER JOINT what's the scientific name
gelnohumoral joint
140
SHOULDER JOINT what type of joint
ball and socket
141
SHOULDER JOINT what bones articulate
head of humerus glenoid fossa cavity
142
SHOULDER JOINT features of the humerus
greater tubercle lesser tubercle intertubercular groove deltoid tuberosity
143
SHOULDER JOINT what adds stability to the shoulder? (4)
1) labrum 2) fibrous joint 3) glenohumeral ligaments 4) rotator cuff tendons
144
SHOULDER JOINT tendons at the shoulder (4) where on a diagram?
1) suprasinatus (top 1 2) infraspinatus (left 1 3) subscapularis ( left 2 4) teras minor (right)
145
SHOULDER JOINT 3 main stability ligaments
superior glenohumoral ligament middle glenohumoral ligament inferior glenohumoral ligament
146
SHOULDER JOINT what ligament joins coracoid to humorous
coracohumeral ligament
147
SHOULDER JOINT what planes can movement occur around
sagital - forward flexion, forward extension frontal - abduction , adduction horizontal - horizontal adduction. horizontal abduction internal/external rotation outward/ inward rotation
148
SHOULDER JOINT superficial muscles (4)
pectorals major latissimus dorsi teres major deltoid
149
SHOULDER JOINT deep muscles (4) what do they from?
rotator cuff supraspinatus infraspinatus teres minor subscapularis
150
SHOULDER JOINT PECTORALIS MAJOR 1) origin 2) insertion 3) movements
1) medial half of clavicle surface first 6 ribs 2) humerus intertubecular groove 3) adduction horizontal adduction internal rotation
151
SHOULDER JOINT LATISSIMUS DORSI 1) origin 2) insertion 3) movements
1) ilium posterior crest back of sacrum + lumbar spinous processes lower 6 thoracic vertebrae 2) humerus intertubecular groove 3) adduction horizontal abduction extension internal rotation
152
SHOULDER JOINT TERES MAJOR 1) origin 2) insertion 3) movements
1) inferior 3rd of scapula lateral border 2) humerus intertubecular groove 3) adduction horizontal abduction extension internal rotation
153
SHOULDER JOINT ANTERIOR DELTOID 1) movement 2) O 3) I
abduction flexion horizontal adduction 2) lateral 1/3 of clavicle 3)
154
SHOULDER JOINT MIDDLE DELTOID 1) movement 2) O 3) I
1) abduction 2) scapula acromion process 3) deltoid tuberosity
155
SHOULDER JOINT POSTERIOR DELTOID 1) movement 2) O 3) I
1) abduction extension horizontal abduction 2) scapula spine 3) deltoid tuberosity
156
SHOULDER JOINT SUBSCAPULARIS (anterior rotator cuff)
O: sub scapular fossa I: less tubercle of humerus internal rotation
157
SHOULDER JOINT posterior rotator cuff muscles (3) movement
supraspinatus teres minor infraspinatus I: head of humerus external rotation
158
SHOULDER JOINT rotator cuff injuries (2)
muscle/tendon strain impingement - in small subacromial space - sumpraspinatus hypertrophy -shoulder joint laxity
159
SHOULDER JOINT BICEP BRACHII (LONG HEAD) 1) movement 2) O 3) I
1) horizontal adduction weak shoulder flexion 2) supraglenoid tubercle of scapula 3) radial tuberosity
160
SHOULDER JOINT BICEP BRACHII (SHORT HEAD) 1) movement 2) O 3) I
1) horizontal adduction weak shoulder flexion 2) coracoid process of scapula 3) radial tuberoisty
161
SHOULDER JOINT TRICEP BRACHII 1) movement 2) O 3) I
1) extension, adduction horizontal abduction 2) infraglenoid tubercle of scapula 3) olecranon process of ulna
162
SHOULDER JOINT causes of dislocation
excessive abduction /external rotation impact
163
AXIAL SKELETON BONES (3)
skull spine ribs/sternum
164
APPENDICULAR SKELETON (3)
pelvic girdle shoulder girdle 4 limbs

SEM 2 (25 decks)

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