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cv system Flashcards

1
Q

CV SYSTEM

What are the 3 functions

A

PROTECTION: against infection Wbc

TRANSPORT: hormone, co2 o2 fuel

MAINTENANCE: body temp

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1
Q

CV SYSTEM

what are the 3 components of the circulatory system

A

BLOOD

BLOOD VESSELS

THE HEART

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2
Q

CV SYSTEM

describe the location of the heart
(4)

A

thoracic cavity
anterior of chest
posterior to sternum
between lungs

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3
Q

CV SYSTEM

what system does the
1) right atrium
2) left atrium
receive blood from?

A

1) systemic circuit
2) pulmonary circuit

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4
Q

CV SYSTEM

what system does the
1) left ventricle
2) right ventricle
pump blood into?

A

1) pulmonary circuit
2) systemic circuit

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5
Q

CV SYSTEM

what are the 3 layers of the heart wall (outside to inside
) ?

A

1) pericardium
2) myocardium
3) endocardium

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6
Q

CV SYSTEM

pericardium

A

fibrous tissue
stabilise heart
lubricate , pericardial fluid

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7
Q

CV SYSTEM

myocardium

A

thick muscle
Y shape, branched
large central nucleus
lots of mitochondria
myogenic, involuntary
intercalated discs

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8
Q

CV SYSTEM

intercalated discs

what are they
2 components

A

junctions between cells

GAP JUNCTIONS - depolarisation pass between cells

DESMOSOMES - bind adjacent myocytes

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9
Q

CV SYSTEM

endocardium

what does it cover
what is it made from

A

cover internal surfaces
- chambers, valves

epithelial tissue

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10
Q

CV SYSTEM

pathway of deoxygenated blood

A

vena cava
right atrium
tricuspid valve
right ventricle
pulmonary valve
pulmonary artery

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11
Q

CV SYSTEM

pathway of oxygenated blood

A

pulmonary vein
left atrium
bicuspid valve
left ventricle
aortic valve
aorta

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12
Q

CV SYSTEM

name 2 differences between the LV and RV

A

LV = thick , cylindrical
RV = thin, pouch shape

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13
Q

CV SYSTEM

what are the 2 types of cardiac muscle cells

A

CONTRACTILE : produce contraction

CARDIAC PACEMAKER CELLS : nodal / conducting

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14
Q

CV SYSTEM

electrical journey of heart
(4)

A
  1. SA NODE (pacemaker)
  2. AV NODE
  3. AV BUNDLE (bundle of his)
  4. PURKINJE FIBRES
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15
Q

CV SYSTEM

factors that change HR (4)

A
  1. autonomic nervous system
  2. catecholamines
  3. change in o2 / co2 levels
  4. change in BP
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16
Q

CV SYSTEM

what does
1) sympathetic nervous system
2) parasympathetic nervous system

do to hr

A

1) increase HR

2) slow HR

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17
Q

CV SYSTEM - catecholamines

ADRENALINE (epinephrine)

A

released by adrenal medulla

increase hr

by binding to adrenergic receptors

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18
Q

CV SYSTEM - catecholamines

NORADRENALINE ( Noraphinephrine)

what does it do?
where does it bind?

A

initially increase hr , long term decrease

bind to heart adrenergic receptors

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19
Q

CV SYSTEM

Summarise the 6 stages of the cardiac cycle

A

1) ATRIAL SYSTOLE begin
blood into ventricle

2) ATRIAL SYSTOLE END, ATRIAL DIASTOLE BEGIN

3) VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE 1
pressure close AV valves

4) VENTRICULAR SYSTOLE 2
semilunar valve open , blood out

5) VENTIRCULAR DIASTOLE early
blood into atria

6) VENTRICULAR DIASTOLE late
chambers close and fill

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20
Q

CV SYSTEM
list the 3 categories of circulatory vessels

A

arterial system
venous system
capillaries

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21
Q

CV SYSTEM

arterial system
2 components
what does this system do?

A

arteries
arterioles

blood away from heart

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22
Q

CV SYSTEM

what is the arteriovenous anastomosis

A

low resistance pathway
bypass capillary bed

used for rapid control of blood e.g: reduce body temp quickly

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23
Q

CV SYSTEM
blood flow pathway through circulation

A

heart
artery
capillary
venule
vein
heart

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24
CV SYSTEM what system is there lower pressure in
systemic venous
25
CV SYSTEM what are the 3 layers in a blood vessel?
tunica intima tunica media tunica externa
26
CV SYSTEM tunica intima (inside layer)
- endothelial lining - connective tissue lining - internal elastic membrane
27
CV SYSTEM endothelium what does it: do effect release
release vasoactive substance effect vascular tone, bp, blood flow maintain vascular homeostasis
28
CV SYSTEM tunica media (middle)
concentric sheet of smooth muscle in loose connective tissue around endothelium bind to inner and outer layers
29
CV SYSTEM what separates tunica media and tunica external
external elastic membrane (arteries)
30
CV SYSTEM tunica externa (outer layer)
anchor vessel to adjacent tissue contains: - collagen fibres - elastic fibres - smooth muscle cell (in veins)
31
CV SYSTEM what is the term for 'vessels of vessels'
vaso vasorum small arteries/veins in large arteries/veins
32
CV SYSTEM artery wall intima media externa
round thick wall I: rippled , internal elastic membrane M: thick, smooth muscle, elastic fibre external elastic mem E: collagen + elastic fibres
33
CV SYSTEM vein wall
flattened, collapsed, thin I: smooth, NO internal elastic mem M: thin, smooth muscle, collagen fibres, NO external mem E: collagen , elastic fibres
34
CV SYSTEM what are the 3 types of artery?
elastic artery muscular artery arterioles
35
CV SYSTEM ELASTIC ARTERY 2 examples
AORTA - high elastic in tunica media CONDUCTING ARTERY - secondary pump
36
CV SYSTEM MUSCULAR ARTERY what does tunica media consist of what does lower limbs have more of
tunica media = smooth muscle smooth muscle, less elastin, greater vasoconstriction/dilation
37
CV SYSTEM ARTERIOLE
smooth muscle
38
CV SYSTEM CAPILLARIES
endothelial tube in thin basement membrane no tunica media no tunica externa
39
CV SYSTEM what are the 3 types of capillary
continuous, fenestrated sinusoid
40
CV SYSTEM CONTINUOUS CAPILLARY where? structure?
all tissues except epithelia + cartilage complete endothelial lining diffuse h20, small solute, lipid sol materials
41
CV SYSTEM example of specialised continuous capillary
blood brain barrier in CNS
42
CV SYSTEM FENESTRATED CAPILLARY structure? function? where?
pore in endothelial lining rapid exchange of h20 + large solutes chloride plexus endocrine organs kidneys intestinal tract
43
CV SYSTEM SINUSOID
gap between adjacent endothelial cells exchange h20 + large plasma proteins in: liver, spleen , bone marrow, endocrine organs
44
CV SYSTEM what cells monitor blood at sinusoids?
phagocytic cells
45
CV SYSTEM capillary beds aka _________ _____
capillary plexus connect one arteriole + one venue
46
CV SYSTEM pre capillary sphincter
guard entrance to capillary open + closes , blood in pulses
47
CV SYSTEM thoroughfare channels (capillary)
direct capillary connection from arteriole to venue
48
CV SYSTEM 3 types of vein
venule (small) medium sized vein large vein
49
CV SYSTEM venue
tunica externa endothelium
50
CV SYSTEM medium sized veins
??????
51
CV SYSTEM large veins
??????
52
CV SYSTEM venous valves
folds in tunica intima prevent back flow
53
CV SYSTEM what structure helps veins get blood back to heart
skeletal muscle pump
54
CV SYSTEM VEINS
blood from capillaries back to heart large diameter, thin walls, lower bp smooth muscle = autonomic , control blood flow + pressure
55
CV SYSTEM blood flow
cardiac output
56
CV SYSTEM pressure pressure gradient
P = generated by heart to overcome resistance pressure gradient = difference in P from one end of vessel to other
57
CV SYSTEM flow (F) calculation
pressure gradient / resistance
58
CV SYSTEM circulatory pressure must overcome _______ ____________ _______ what is this effected by (3)
total peripheral resistance 1.vascular resistance 2. blood viscosity 3. turbulence (swirling in chambers)
59
CV SYSTEM what is vascular resistance what is it effected by
friction between blood + vessel walls vessel length / diameter
60
CV SYSTEM as vessel diameter decreases what happens to R?
increases
61
CV SYSTEM 1) hypertension 2) hypotension
1) abnormally HIGH BP 2) abnormally LOW bp
62
CV SYSTEM cardiovascular response to exercise (4)
increase HR Increase Q increase systolic BP redistribution of blood flow
63
CV SYSTEM - regulate HR 1) parasympathetic nervous system ... 2) sympathetic nervous system...
1) slow HR, vagus nerve, inhibit SA/AV node 2) increase HR, stimulate SA/AV node, cardiac accelerator nerves
64
CV SYSTEM why does HR initially increase at start of exercise later increase because ...
parasympathetic withdrawal increased SNS stimulation
65
CV SYSTEM 2 ways stroke volume changes
1) increase sympathetic nervous system - circulate adrenaline/noradrenaline 2) increased end diastolic vol, increase stretch of sarcomeres, increase force of contraction
66
CV SYSTEM what is : EDV The Frank Starling Mechanism
"force of contraction is proportional to fibre length"
67
CV SYSTEM cardiac output increases due to:
- increase hr - increase sv

SEM 2 (23 decks)

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