lymphatic system

Question 1

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

4 components of lymphatic system

Answer 1

lymphatic vessels

lymphoid tissues

lymph (fluid)

lymphatic cells

Question 2

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what do lymphoid cells respond to (3)

Answer 2

environmental pathogens

toxins

abnormal body cells e.g: cancer

Question 3

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

function of lymphatic system (3)

Answer 3

1) produce maintain spread lymphocytes

2) return fluid from peripheral tissue – blood

3) distribute hormones nutrient waste from tissue to start of circulation

Question 4

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

primary lymphatic organs (2)

Answer 4

thymus
red bone marrow

Question 5

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

secondary lymphatic organs/tissues

Answer 5

spleen
lymph nodes
lymphoid nodules

Question 6

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

lymphatic vessel

structure + function

Answer 6

between cells
capillaries join to form vessels

start as blind pockets
large diameter
thin walls
valves

Question 7

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what 5 trunks form a lymph trunk

Answer 7

lumbar
intestinal
bronchomediastinal
subclavian
jugular

Question 8

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

2 types of lymphatic duct

Answer 8

right lymphatic duct (on top right hand side)

thoracic duct (anywhere else)

Question 9

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

3 type of lymphocytes

Answer 9

T CELL (thymus dependent)

B CELL (bone marrow)

NK CELL (natural killer, bone marrow )

Question 10

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

how are T cells produced

Answer 10

lymphoid stem cells in THYMUS
–
T cells

Question 11

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

how are B cells/ NK cells produced

Answer 11

lymphoid stem cells
–
B cells / NK cells

Question 12

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

role of:
B cells
T cells
NK cells

Answer 12

B = antibody mediated immunity

T = cell mediated immunity

NK = immunological surveillance

Question 13

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what happens at
EFFERENT + AFFERENT lymphatic vessel

Answer 13

E = clean lymph out

A = lymph fluid in

Question 14

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what cells would you find in lymph node medulla (2)

where?

Answer 14

b cell
plasma cell

middle of node

Question 15

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what cells would you find in lymph node inner cortex (1)

where?

Answer 15

t cell

above medulla

Question 16

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what cells would you find around germinal centre of outer cortex (1)

where?

Answer 16

b cells

edge of the circles

Question 17

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what cells would you find in germinal centre outer cortex (2)

where?

Answer 17

b cell

in circles

Question 18

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

difference between lymphoid nodule + lymphoid organs

Answer 18

organs = have outer tissue

nodules = bundle of tissue with no capsule

Question 19

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

formation of lymph journey (8)

Answer 19

• INTERSTITUAL FLUID
• LYMPHATIC CAPILLARIES
  afferent vessel
• LYMPH NODES
  efferent vessel
• LYMPHATIC VESSEL
• LYMPHATIC DUCT
• SUBCLAVIAN VEINS

Question 20

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

order which lymph travels through node (5)

Answer 20

sub capsular sinus

outer cortex

deep cortex

medulla core

hilum / efferent lymphatics

Question 21

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

what is the role of a lymph node?

Answer 21

purified lymph before return to venous circulation

Question 22

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

difference between
INNATE
ADAPTIVE
immune response

Answer 22

INNATE: non specific
ADAPTIVE: specific

Question 23

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

non specific immunity

Answer 23

from birth
no memory
block/attack pathogen

Question 24

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

specific immunity

Answer 24

identify, attack, develop immunity to antigen

response to antigen

Question 25

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 7 types of non specific defence

Answer 25

1. physical barriers 2. phagocytic cells 3. NK cells 4. Interferons (antiviral) 5. complement system 6. inflammation 7. fever

Question 26

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 5 'categories'/locations of physical barriers

Answer 26

eyes respiratory tract skin digestive tract genitourinary tract

Question 27

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM summarise phagocytosis and how antigen presentation occurs

Answer 27

1) APC/phagocyte engulfs pathogen 2) lysosome fuse to pathogen. 3) acidic + lysozyme breaks down pathogen cell wall 4) endoplasmic rect. produce MHC class II -- bind to lysosome 5) move antigen parts to surface + present antigen = APC

Question 28

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 2 types of phagocytes

Answer 28

MACROPHAGE MICROPHAGE

Question 29

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM macrophage

Answer 29

eosinophils + neutrophils leave blood stream to fight infection

Question 30

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM microphage

Answer 30

fixed or free make moncyte-macrophage system large, derived from monocytes

Question 31

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 3 ways macrophage respond to pathogen

Answer 31

engulf bind destroy

Question 32

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM how do NK cells defend (4)

Answer 32

1) recognise pathogen and bind 2) Golgi apparatus line up 3) release perforin 4) perforin forms pore on pathogen and release enzyme to break target cell

Question 33

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM how do interferons defend what type of response to they have?

Answer 33

non specific cytokines released by activated lymphocytes/macrophages

Question 34

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 3 types of interferons

Answer 34

1) alpha-interferons stimulate NK cells 2) beta-interferons slow inflammation 3) gamma interferons stimulate macrophage

Question 35

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM summarise the complement system

Answer 35

2 pathways: classical (fast) alternative (slow) chain reaction which converts inactive protein to active protein form pore on bacteria cell wall to destroy

Question 36

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 4 effects of complement activation

Answer 36

attract phagocytes enhance phagocytosis stimulate inflammation destroy target cell membrane

Question 37

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM how does inflammation cause tissue repair (6)

Answer 37

1) increase blood flow 2) phagocytes move to site 3) remove debris 4) clot 5)activate fibrinogen 6) tissue repair

Question 38

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 2 types of specific immunity

Answer 38

CELL MEDIATED - against intracellular pathogen HUMORAL - against extracellular pathogen

Question 39

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM summarise the humoral response

Answer 39

1) red bone marrow -- mature b cell 2) b cell -- plasma cell + memory cell 3) b cell = produce antibodies 4) antibodies bind to antigen and inactivate

Question 40

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM summarise the cell mediated response

Answer 40

1) thymus -- T cells 2) T cells -- killer T cells (CD8 protein) or helper T cells (CD4) 3)helper cells activated 4) these activate killer T cells --- cytotoxic T cells 5) activated cytotoxic T cells invade antigens

Question 41

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM what 3 cells make memory cells

Answer 41

b cells cytotoxic T cells helper T cells

Question 42

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM specific immunity is driven by ________, ________, ___________

Answer 42

memory tolerance specificity

Question 43

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 2 types of MHC proteins and where they are presented

Answer 43

CLASS 1: nucleated cells CLASS 2: APCs, lymphocytes

Question 44

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM summarise antigen presentation (5)

Answer 44

1) APC/phagocyte engulfs pathogen 2) lysosome fuse to pathogen. 3) acidic + lysozyme breaks down pathogen cell wall 4) endoplasmic rect. produce MHC class II -- bind to lysosome 5) move antigen parts to surface + present antigen = APC

Question 45

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM summarise antigen expression

Answer 45

1) e.g: virus infects 2) unusual peptides chopped up and presented on cell surface 3) by MHC class I

Question 46

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 3 types of T cells and their roles

Answer 46

1) CYTOTOXIC : cell mediated immunity, destroy virally infected cells 2) HELPER: stimulate t/b cell function 3) SURPRESSOR (regulatory): inhibit t/b cell function

Question 47

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM CD_ T cells recognised on MHC class I CD_ T cells recognised on MHC class II

Answer 47

8 4 (as divide 4/2 = 2)

Question 48

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 5 types of antibodies

Answer 48

IgG (80% of antibodies, from mum) IgA (glandular secretions) IgM IgD IgE

Question 49

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM 4 problems with the Immune system

Answer 49

1) allergy 2) autoimmune disease: attacks own tissue 3) transplant rejection 4) disease of immune system (primary/secondary)