personality Flashcards
(35 cards)
PERSONALITY
define personality
consistency of social behaviour thoughts and emotions
differentiate us from others
act consistently
PERSONALITY
3 layers of personality
- psychological core
- typical response
- role-related behaviour
PERSONALITY
psychological core
- basic
- deepest componenet
- beliefs, values, attitudes, interests
- internal, constant
PERSONALITY
typical response
usual way you respond to your environment
good indicator of psychological core e.g: quiet + shy = introvert
PERSONALITY
role related behaviour
how you act based on your social situation
subject to influence from external
dynamic
PERSONALITY
what part of personality is easiest/hardest to influence?
easiest = role related behaviours
hardest = psychological core
PERSONALITY
5 viewpoints to study personality
1) psychodynamic approach
2) trait approach
3) situation approach
4) interactional approach
5) phenomenological Approach
PERSONALITY
psychodynamic viewpoint
what 3 components
what 2 themes?
id, ego, superego
how unconscious determinants (instinct) conflicts conscious aspects (moral conscience)
focuses on someone as a whole
PERSONALITY
what level of consciousness is
1) ego
2) superego
3) id
1) conscious
2) preconscious
3) unconscious
PERSONALITY
limitations of psychodynamic
difficult to test
focuses mainly on internal determinants, no external
not adopted by most psychologists
PERSONALITY
in the psychodynamic approach,
what needs to be balance? why?
what struggles with each other?
well balanced for good energy + mental health
ego difficult time with superego + ID
PERSONALITY
TRAIT viewpoint
stable characteristic/ unit of personality
causes of behaviour lie within a person
predispose how someone will act
PERSONALITY
big 5 model
O
C
E
A
N
Openness to experience (curiosity)
Conscientiousness (self discipline)
Extraversion (enthusiasm, sociability)
Agreeableness (amiability)
Neuroticism (nervous, anxiety,anger)
PERSONALITY
trait approach research
+: emphasise why diff exercise interventions better for diff personalities
- knowing traits won’t always predict behaviour
PERSONALITY
SITUATION approach
what does this approach tell us?
behaviour determines by situation/environment
PERSONALITY
SITUATION APPROACH
what learning theory does it draw from?
what solidifies the learning?
social learning theory
reinforcement
PERSONALITY
SITUATION APPROACH research
level of influence
+
-
little influence
emphasise important of situations
situation not always influence individual behaviour the same way
PERSONALITY
INTERACTIONAL APPROACH
behaviour = product of interaction between situation + personality
PERSONALITY
INTERACTIONAL APPROACH research
impact
+
-
impact: large , used a lot
+ = consider trait and situational variables
- = none
PERSONALITY
PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH
what does it focus on
what makes it different
situation + personality = behaviour
BUT
focuses on persons understanding of themself + environment
PERSONALITY
PHENOMENOLOGICAL APPROACH research
impact
+
-
impact: big influence
+ emphasise importance of someones interpretation on themself
- none
PERSONALITY
examples of sport personality tests (4)
1) trait-state sport confidence inventory
2) profile of mood states
3) test of attentional and interpersonal style
4) competitive state anxiety inventory
PERSONALITY
apa guidelines for using psychological tests (7)
1) know limitations
2) don’t use them alone for team selection
3) include explanation + feedback
4) confidentiality
5) understand specific personality components
6) know principles of testing + measurement error
7) think how athlete feels compare to normal
PERSONALITY
what is ‘the profile of mood states’
self report questionnaire
6 different dimensions
65 items
total mood disturbance score calculated
