lecture 14

Question 1

What is the role of the respiratory system?

Answer 1

Conduct warm, clean, moist air into close proximity with blood for gas exchange

Question 2

What does the respiratory system need to be effective?

Answer 2

A surface for gas exchange
A path for air to flow to reach gas exchange
ability to breath in and out
produce sound

Question 3

Main components of respiratory system?

Answer 3

URT 
LRT 
Thoracic cavity 
joints 
respiratory muscles

Question 4

Parts of the URT?

Answer 4

Nose
Nasal cavity
paranasal sinuses
pharynx

Question 5

Parts of the LRT?

Answer 5

Larynx 
Trachea 
Bronchus 
Bronchioles 
Respiratory bronchioles 
Alveoli

Question 6

What is the purpose of conducting region?

Answer 6

Nose -> bronchioles ensure air is warm, clean, moist

Question 7

Respiratory region purpose?

Answer 7

Alveoli provide site of gas exchange

Question 8

What is the purpose of the nasal cavity?

Answer 8

Olfacation (sense of smell)

Question 9

What is the purpose of oral cavity?

Answer 9

passage for air and food

Question 10

Most body organs are lined with what?

Answer 10

Mucosa

Question 11

What is mucosa made up of?

Answer 11

Epithelia attached via a basement membrane. This attaches the epithelia to lamina propria. Beneath this is a submucosal layer

Question 12

What is the respiratory tract lined with?

Answer 12

Mucosa

Question 13

What type of epithelia lines the conducting region?

Answer 13

Respiratory epithelium

Question 14

What type of epithelia lines where air and food travel?

Answer 14

Stratified squamous

Question 15

What epithelium lines the site of gas exchange?

Answer 15

simple squamous

Question 16

What epithelium lines olfaction region?

Answer 16

olfactory mucosa

Question 17

What is respiratory epithelium?

Answer 17

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells)

Question 18

Where is respiratory epithelium found?

Answer 18

Nasal cavity 
Part of pharynx 
Larynx 
Trachea 
Bronchi

Question 19

What do goblet cells produce and why?

Answer 19

Mucous to trap debris and moisten air

Question 20

What is the purpose of ciliated cells?

Answer 20

Movement pushes mucus towards pharynx to be swallowed and digested

Question 21

Why does your nose run on a cold day?

Answer 21

Cilia stop beating in the cold so it will dribble out your nose

Question 22

Why do smokers cough?

Answer 22

In order to dislodge mucus because smoke destroys cilia

Question 23

Components of the pharynx?

Answer 23

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx

Question 24

What is the purpose of the nose?

Answer 24

Primary passageway for air

Question 25

What is the purpose of cartilage in the nose?

Answer 25

It is soft and flexible to maintain patent, unobstructed airway

Question 26

How many bones in the bridge of nose?

Answer 26

2 nasal bones

Question 27

What filters the inhaled air in the nose?

Answer 27

Vibrissae (nose hairs)

Question 28

What is the anterior nasal septum?

Answer 28

cartilage

Question 29

What is the posterior nasal septum?

Answer 29

Bone

Question 30

Where do the posterior nares open into?

Answer 30

the nasal pharynx

Question 31

What type of bone is the roof of the nasal cavity formed by?

Answer 31

ethmoid and sphenoid bones

Question 32

What type of bone is the floor of the nasal cavity formed by?

Answer 32

soft palates

Question 33

What structure is on the lateral walls of the nasal complex?

Answer 33

Conchae

Question 34

What are the three projections of conchae?

Answer 34

Superior Middle Inferior

Question 35

What lines the conchae?

Answer 35

Respiratory epithelium

Question 36

What do conchae do?

Answer 36

Swirl the inspired air promoting sticking of particles to mucosa also provides more time for warming and humidifying of air, plus olfactory detection

Question 37

Alongside respiratory epithelium, what other epithelium is in the nasal cavity?

Answer 37

Olfactory mucosa, on roof of nasal cavity containing smell receptors

Question 38

what does epithelium sit on?

Answer 38

Lamina propria

Question 39

What is the purpose of thin walled veins in the nasal cavity?

Answer 39

Warm incoming air.

Question 40

When the air temperature drops, what is the response of the vascular plexus?

Answer 40

the vascular plexus dilates allowing greater heat transfer between blood and inspired air

Question 41

Where do normal nose bleeds originate from?

Answer 41

Damage to vascular plexus (veins in nasal cavity)

Question 42

What is a sinus?

Answer 42

cavity within a bone

Question 43

what bone is found surrounding the paranasal?

Answer 43

Found within frontal sphenoid, ethmoid and maxillary bones

Question 44

What is the paranasal sinus lined with?

Answer 44

Respiratory mucosa

Question 45

Where does the paranasal sinus drain?

Answer 45

Drain into pharynx

Question 46

Functions of paranasal sinus?

Answer 46

Lighten skull | increased surface area to clean, warm and moisten air

Question 47

what blocks sinuses?

Answer 47

infected mucus

Question 48

What is the pharynx?

Answer 48

muscular funnel shaped tube shared by respiratory and digestive system

Question 49

What is the pharynx commonly referred to as?

Answer 49

Throat

Question 50

What is the strictly air filled region of the pharynx?

Answer 50

Nasopharynx

Question 51

What lines the nasopharynx?

Answer 51

respiratory mucosa

Question 52

Where is the pharynx?

Answer 52

posterior to the nasal cavity, from posterior nares to soft palate

Question 53

What blocks nasopharynx during swallowing?

Answer 53

Soft palate and uvula

Question 54

What drains from middle ear to nasopharynx?

Answer 54

auditory tubes

Question 55

what is on the nasopharynx posterior wall?

Answer 55

pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)

Question 56

What lines the oropharynx?

Answer 56

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 57

Where is the oropharynx?

Answer 57

posterior to oral cavity. from soft palate to hyoid

Question 58

What tonsils are located in the oropharynx?

Answer 58

Palatine tonsils and lingual tonsils

Question 59

What lines the laryngopharymx?

Answer 59

Stratified squamous epithelium

Question 60

Where is the laryngopharynx?

Answer 60

Hyoid bone to opening of larynx/beginning of oesophagus

Question 61

Where does the laryngopharynx end?

Answer 61

where repertory and digestive tracks diverse