lecture 16

Question 1

Where are visceral layers?

Answer 1

on the organ

Question 2

Where are parietal layers?

Answer 2

on body wall

Question 3

what are serous membranes?

Answer 3

Double layer of secretory tissue with fluid between layers

Question 4

what is the pleura cavity?

Answer 4

A thin layer of tissue that covers the lungs and lines the interior wall of the chest cavity

Question 5

what is the peritoneum?

Answer 5

The tissue that lines the abdominal cavity

Question 6

What is contained in the thoracic cavity?

Answer 6

Medistinum

Pleaural cavities

Question 7

What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 7

Anterior-sternum 
Posterior-Thoracic vertebrae 
Lateral-Ribs 
superior-base of neck 
Inferior-diaphragm

Question 8

What is the mediastinum?

Answer 8

area in the chest that contains heart, vessels and pericardium

Question 9

What is contained in the pleural cavities?

Answer 9

lungs

Question 10

Why are the lungs seperate?

Answer 10

so if one stops working you have another

Question 11

What is ventilation driven by?

Answer 11

pressure changes in thoracic cavity?

Question 12

What is pressure inversely proportional to?

Answer 12

volume

Question 13

During inspiration volume ___?

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

what is Boyles law?

Answer 14

P = 1/V

Question 15

increased volume results in?

Answer 15

Decreased pressure

Question 16

smaller space = ?

Answer 16

more collisions = increased pressure

Question 17

Where does air move?

Answer 17

lower pressure space

Question 18

what happens between breaths?

Answer 18

Pressure inside gravity = pressure outside, no gradient

Question 19

How is the sternum attached to ribs?

Answer 19

via costal cartilage

Question 20

What type of joints are the thoracic joints?

Answer 20

Synovial and cartilaginous

Question 21

What type of joint are the sternocostal joints?

Answer 21

synovial

Question 22

What type of joint is the first sternocostal joint?

Answer 22

Cartilaginous

Question 23

What type of joints are the costochondral joints?

Answer 23

cartilaginous

Question 24

What type of joints are the interchondral joints?

Answer 24

synovial

Question 25

What is the costotransverse?

Answer 25

the joint between rib and transverse process of vertebrae

Question 26

What are costovertebral?

Answer 26

between rib and body of vertebrae

Question 27

What type of joints are the articulation between thoracic vertebrae and ribs?

Answer 27

synovial joints

Question 28

What is the role of respiratory muscles?

Answer 28

move the rib cage to allow us to breath

Question 29

What are the primary inspiratory muscles?

Answer 29

Diaphragm and intercostals

Question 30

When are the accessory muscles active?

Answer 30

Only when needed

Question 31

The diaphragm is a sheet of what kind of muscle?

Answer 31

skeletal muscle

Question 32

What does the diaphragm seperate?

Answer 32

Thorax from abdomen

Question 33

What shape is the diaphragm when relaxed and contracted?

Answer 33

Dome-shaped and flattened

Question 34

What happens when diaphragm contracts?

Answer 34

Expansion of thoracic cavity and compression of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 35

What happens during normal 'quiet' inspiration?

Answer 35

Diaphragm contracts and external intercostals contract and lift ribs

Question 36

What happens during active 'forced' inspiration?

Answer 36

The same as quiet inspiration however accessory muscles contract to further expand thoracic cavity

Question 37

What happens during normal 'quiet' expiration?

Answer 37

passive process of diaphragm relaxing and external intercostals relaxing

Question 38

What happens during active 'forced' expiration?

Answer 38

sam as quiet expiration, however internal intercostals and accessory muscles contract

Question 39

What gives the lung expanding properties?

Answer 39

Lung tissue is elastic and always trying to recoil

Question 40

What makes the lungs stick to the thoracic wall?

Answer 40

The pleura, specifically the fluid bond

Question 41

Lungs expand when?

Answer 41

During inspiration

Question 42

Where is the visceral pleura?

Answer 42

on the lungs

Question 43

What separates parietal and visceral pleura?

Answer 43

Pleural fluid

Question 44

What is the function of pleural fluid?

Answer 44

slippery surface for frictionless movement against other structures

Question 45

Describe the movement initiated by thoracic wall movement?

Answer 45

Increase volume in thorax -> increase volume of lung -> decrease pressure in lung-> air flows in