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HUBS192 > lecture 24 > Flashcards

lecture 24 Flashcards

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1
Q

Functions of the GI tract?

A

Obtain nutrients required for growth and energy needs

Replace fluid and salts

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2
Q

How do you lose fluid and salts?

A

Urine and faeces
sweating
Breathing

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3
Q

Where does ingestion occur?

A

At the mouth

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4
Q

Where does mechanical digestion mainly occur?

A

In the stomach

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5
Q

What is mechanical digestion essential for?

A

Chemical digestion, it breaks it down into smaller parts for chemicals

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6
Q

What is chemical digestion essential for?

A

Absorption of nutrients

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7
Q

What is motility involved in?

A

mechanical and chemical digestion
mixing exposure to absorptive surfaces
mixing
storage propulsion

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8
Q

What regulates motility and secretion?

A

CNS/ENS and Hormones

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9
Q

Receptors in the wall of GI tract respond to?

A

Stretch when there’s food in the lumen

Change of composition

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10
Q

Effectors are made up of?

A

Smooth muscle and glands

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11
Q

Effectors stimulate?

A

Smooth muscle contraction

gland secretion

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12
Q

What type of activity does the CNS regulate?

A

Long distance activities

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13
Q

PSNS regulates what?

A

Stimulation of motility and secretion

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14
Q

SNS regulates what?

A

Inhibition of motility and secretion

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15
Q

CNS modulates activity of what?

A

Enteric nervous system

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16
Q

Submucosal plexus is a part of what nervous system?

A

ENS

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17
Q

Submucosal plexus regulates what?

A

Secretion

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18
Q

Myenteric plexus is a part of what nervous system and regulates what?

A

ENS and regulates motility

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19
Q

ENS is involved in what kind of reflexes?

A

Local reflexes such as peristalsis and segmentation

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20
Q

What is the largest endocrine organ in the body?

A

GI tract

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21
Q

What is endocrine function?

A

release of hormones into the blood

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22
Q

What is paracrine function?

A

Control of hormones at a local level, so a small area of the GI tract

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23
Q

Critical hormones for hormonal regulation?

A

Gastrin
Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)
Secretin
Cholecystokinin (CKK)

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24
Q

Functions of motility in the GI tract?

A

Movement at a controlled rate
Mechanical digestion
Chemical digestion
Mixing

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25
How does mechanical digestion aid chemical digestion?
By breaking down the apple and increasing the surface area of the apple Mixing the enzymes with food particles
26
What helps with GI motility?
Smooth muscle rings that contract without external input
27
Frequency of contraction in stomach?
3 per minute
28
frequency of contraction of duodenum?
12 per minute
29
Frequency of contraction of ileum?
9 per minute
30
Strength of contractions are controlled by?
nervous and hormonal input
31
Migrating motor complex kicks in?
4hr after a meal and repeats every 2 hours until we eat again
32
Stomach and colon aid with what feeding motility pattern?
Storage
33
How do stomach and colon store things?
relaxation of smooth muscle allows volume to increase without change in pressure
34
What aids with the propulsion pattern?
Oesophagus stomach small and large intestine
35
Propulsion is involved with what form of digestion?
Peristalsis
36
Stomach does what form of mixing?
retropulsion
37
Small and large intestine do what form of mixing?
segmentation and peristalsis
38
What is peristalsis?
movement of food through the GI tract through contraction of smooth muscle
39
What is segmentation?
Occurs at a more local level to mix the food together
40
Main purpose of chewing?
reduce food size
41
Reducing food size helps with?
ingestion
42
Chewing helps with taste how?
Mixing the food with saliva
43
Swallowing initialed voluntary but proceeds?
Involuntarily or reflexly
44
Gastric motility functions?
Storage Mechanical digestion mixing controlled delivery to duodenum
45
Storage and mechanical digestion mainly occur where?
Fundus and body of stomach
46
Mechanical digestion and mixing occur where?
antrum
47
What controls delivery to duodenum?
Pyloric sphincter
48
Fasting gastric motility shrinks stomach to?
~50mL in volume
49
Migrating motor complex patterns?
Occurs 4h after a meal and will continue until food is consumed 1h of inactivity followed by 50 minute of uncoordinated activity and 10 minutes of coordinated activity
50
Function of gastric motility when fasting?
House keeping: | residual secretions and undigested material is pushed through GI tract
51
Vagus nerves control what in the stomach?
Relaxation of the stomach and allows increase in stomach without large change in pressure
52
Where is propulsion initiated?
On greater curvature and spreads to antrum
53
When does propulsion occur?
first 60 minute following a meal
54
Mixing and mechanical breakdown is a combination of?
Peristalsis and closure of pyloric sphincter
55
Rate of gastric emptying matches?
Digestive capacity of intestine
56
What regulates gastric emptying?
Feedback of duodenum
57
Factors affecting gastric emptying?
Size of meal composition of meal (fluid or solid) High or low fat
58
When fatty, hypertonic, acidic chyme is detected in duodenum the responses are?
Chemoreceptors and stretch receptors trigger enterogastric reflex duodenal enteroendocrine cells secrete enterogastrones
59
Enterogastric reflex responses?
Short reflex via enteric neurons | Long reflex via CNS centres
60
Function of small intestine motility?
Mixing with secretions from pancreas, biliary system and intestine controlled movement exposure of products of digestion to absorptive surfaces
61
Small intestine motility pattern between meals?
migrating motor complex
62
Small intestine motility pattern after meal?
segmentation for mixing and limited peristalsis
63
When is colon mass movement?
1-2 times a day following meals
64
what drives faeces into rectum and initiates defecation?
Peristaltic wave of colon

HUBS192 (38 decks)

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