lecture 28 Flashcards

1
Q

What percentage of the male body is water?

A

60%

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2
Q

what percentage of the female body is water?

A

55%

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3
Q

Total body water is made up of which two key components?

A
Extracellular fluid (1/3)
intracellular fluid (2/3)
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4
Q

How does the urinary system maintain balance?

A

By filtering blood and expelling waste products

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5
Q

what are the waste products expelled by urinary system?

A

excess water
excess salts
wastes of metabolism
toxins and drugs

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6
Q

how much blood flows through kidneys per minute?

A

1200mL

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7
Q

What is urine?

A

waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body

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8
Q

What is in normal urine?

A
water
salts
urea
metabolites 
hormones 
small proteins
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9
Q

Why is urine pH not tightly regulated?

A

It can vary anywhere from 4-8 pH depending on what is being excreted

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10
Q

What could be in abnormal urine?

A

Large proteins
RBCs
Glucose

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11
Q

to be effective the urinary system needs?

A

delivery system for blood
selective filtration
filtrate recovery mechanisms
system to return recovered, filtered fluid to body

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12
Q

Major organs of the urinary system?

A

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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13
Q

main components of the renal urinary system?

A

2 kidneys
2 ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

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14
Q

the structure of the kidneys allows?

A

Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron for filtering
blood that has been filtered to leave the kidney
a pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored then excreted
protection

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15
Q

Where are the kidneys?

A

Between the T12 and L3 vertebrae and the 11th and 12 ribs

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16
Q

Which way do the convex sides of the kidneys face?

A

laterally

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17
Q

What is the concave notch on the medial surface of kidney called?

A

Hilum

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18
Q

What is the hilum?

A

area of the organ where things go in and out

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19
Q

What travels through hilum in kidneys?

A

Renal blood vessels
lymphatics
nerves
ureter

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20
Q

Where is the kidney located internally?

A

It is retroperitoneal, located on posterior abdominal wall covered on anterior side by peritoneum

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21
Q

What surrounds and supports the kidneys?

22
Q

What are the three regions of the kidney?

A

cortex
medulla
pelvis

23
Q

what surrounds the kidney?

A

a dense fibrous capsule that provides external protection

24
Q

What is the inner medulla divided into?

A

Pyramids, each medullary pyramid ends in a papilla

25
what forms the renal column?
outer cortex which is a continuous layer
26
Cortex and medulla form how many functional lobes?
5-11 per kidney
27
kidney lobe includes?
one medullary pyramid all cortex surrounding it nephrons
28
What is a calyx?
where urine drains from each papilla and collects is a calyx
29
calyces join to form?
renal pelvis
30
the pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum to become?
the ureter
31
Urine travels into?
papilla -> minor calyx -> major calyx -> renal pelvis -> ureter
32
three structures that provide external protection for kidneys?
11th-12th ribs renal fat pad fibrous capsule
33
how is urine produced?
by filtering waste from the blood into nephron
34
where does filtration occur?
in the cortex of the kidneys
35
where does the renal artery arise from?
abdominal aorta
36
Veins return filtered blood from the cortex to?
the renal vein then to the inferior vena cava
37
Where does the afferent arteriole deliver blood?
to the glomerulus
38
What is the glomerulus made up of?
the glomerular capillaries where filtration occurs
39
what carries blood to the veins in the cortex?
peritubular capillaries
40
blood supply into the cortex to be filtered?
abdominal aorta -> renal artery -> series of arteries -> afferent arteriole -> glomerular capillary
41
blood supply from the cortex after being filtered?
glomerular capillary -> efferent arteriole -> peritubular capillaries -> series of veins -> renal vein -> inferior vena cava
42
Kidney is innervated from a network of what nerves and ganglia?
Autonomic nerves and renal plexus
43
What adjusts the diameter of renal arterioles?
sympathetic nerves
44
What is a nephron?
microscopic functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and selectively reabsorbs or secretes
45
What is the bulk of the kidney made up of?
nephrons
46
What is the renal corpuscle?
where the blood and the nephron meet. made up glomerulus and glomerular capsule
47
what is the proximal convoluted tubule?
the tubule that is closest to the renal corpuscle
48
What follows the proximal convoluted tubule?
nephron loop
49
what follows the nephron loop?
distal convoluted tubule
50
what is the final part of the nephron?
the collecting duct