lecture 23

Question 1

How is surface area in the small intestine increased?

Answer 1

Length of the tube
Plicae Cirulares
Villi
Microvilli

Question 2

What does the large intestine consist of?

Answer 2

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

Question 3

What is the colon made up of?

Answer 3

Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid

Question 4

What are the names of the turns in the large intestine?

Answer 4

Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Left colic (splenic) flexure

Question 5

Which parts of the colon are retroperitoneal?

Answer 5

Ascending and descending colon

Question 6

Which parts of the colon are intraperitoneal?

Answer 6

Transverse and sigmoidal

Question 7

What regulates the passage of material into the cecum?

Answer 7

Illeocecal valve

Question 8

Where does the appendix feed into?

Answer 8

The cecum

Question 9

What is the function of appendix?

Answer 9

reserve of large intestine bacteria population

Question 10

What enables an x-ray image of large intestine?

Answer 10

Barium enema

Question 11

What prevents back flow into ileum?

Answer 11

illiocecal valve

Question 12

What is the shiny surface of the large intestine?

Answer 12

Visceral peritoneum

Question 13

What are the Teniae Coli?

Answer 13

Bands of longitudinal smooth muscle

Question 14

What are Haustra?

Answer 14

Series of pouches in the wall of the colon

Question 15

What are Omental appendices?

Answer 15

Sacs of fat

Question 16

What is the purpose of the Teniae Coli?

Answer 16

Modification of the Muscularis layer to have three bands of longitudinal smooth muscle for stronger contraction

Question 17

Why is there a lack of villi in the large intestine?

Answer 17

No requirement for absorption

Question 18

What forms intestinal glands?

Answer 18

mucosa invaginations

Question 19

What does mucosa consist of?

Answer 19

Epithelium
Lamina propria
Muscularis mucosae

Question 20

What part of the mucosa doesn’t invaginate?

Answer 20

Muscularis mucosae

Question 21

What are the functions of the mucosa in the colon?

Answer 21

Water and salt absorption

Question 22

What is the function of goblet cells in the mucosa?

Answer 22

Produce mucous for protection and lubrication

Question 23

What do anal columns mark?

Answer 23

Where the epithelium changes

Question 24

What is the epithelium before the anal column?

Answer 24

Simple columnar

Question 25

What is the epithelium of the anal canal?

Answer 25

stratified squamous

Question 26

Which anal sphincter is under involuntary control?

Answer 26

the internal anal sphincter made up of smooth muscle

Question 27

Which anal sphincter is under voluntary control?

Answer 27

The external anal sphincter made up of skeletal muscle

Question 28

What causes the internal anal sphincter to relax?

Answer 28

stretch receptors responding to movement of faeces

Question 29

Function of the liver?

Answer 29

Produce bile, from the hepatocytes and stored in gore bladder

Question 30

Where is the liver located?

Answer 30

superior right quadrant of abdominopelvic cavity

Question 31

liver receives what percentage of cardiac output?

Answer 31

~25%

Question 32

1/3 of the liver blood supply is from?

Answer 32

Hepatic artery

Question 33

majority of the blood supply to the liver is from?

Answer 33

hepatic portal vein, oxygenated

Question 34

the blood from the hepatic portal vein is?

Answer 34

nutrient rich, deoxygenated blood from small intestine

Question 35

What are functional units in the liver called?

Answer 35

lobules

Question 36

rows in lobules are made up of what?

Answer 36

hepatocytes

Question 37

What is the function of the hepatocytes?

Answer 37

produce bile

Question 38

What is between rows of lobules?

Answer 38

Liver sinusoids

Question 39

What is inbetween hepatocytes?

Answer 39

Bile canaliculi

Question 40

what makes up the portal triad?

Answer 40

Branch of hepatic artery Branch of hepatic portal vein A bile duct

Question 41

What direction does blood flow in the liver?

Answer 41

Toward the central vein

Question 42

Where does bile travel to?

Answer 42

bile duct

Question 43

Central veins drain into?

Answer 43

hepatic vein

Question 44

Where does hepatic vein drain?

Answer 44

Inferior vena cava

Question 45

What happens to bile in the gore bladder?

Answer 45

it is stored and concentrated

Question 46

the meeting of bile duct and pancreatic duct is called?

Answer 46

hepatopancreatic ampulla