1. Meronts divide into type I meront 2. Type I meronts form merozoites 3, merozoites infect host cells

Lecture 17: Cryptosporidiosis and Coccidian diseases Flashcards by Jen McGann

Eimeria, cystioisospora, toxoplasma, neospora, and sacrocystis are all types of ___

Coccidia

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Coccidians and cryptosporidium infect cells of ____

GI and extra intestinal sites

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What are the two life stages of coccidia and cryptosporidium

Zoie and oocyst

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What is the Zoite life stage

Elongated, motile cells
Invade host cell

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What is the oocyst life cycle stage

Environmentally resistant stage, shed in feces

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Oocysts contain infective ___ typically located within ____

Sporozoites, sporocysts

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T or F: most cryptosporidium are host specific

True

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What is the host for cryptosporidium cuniculus

Rabbits

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What species of cryptosporidium is the exception to host specificity and infects ruminants, horses and humans

C. Parvum

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How is cryptosporidium transmitted

Ingested or inhaled

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Describe the direct life cycle of cryptosporidium

Oocyst ingested/inhaled
Sporozoites excyst
Infect host cells
Develop into meronts
Schizogeny
Gametogeny
Fertilization

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What is schizogeny

Meronts divide into type I meront
Type I meronts form merozoites
3, merozoites infect host cells

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What is gametogeny

Subset of merozoites infect host cells and develop into gamonts—> gametes

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Describe fertilization in the enteric cycle

Zygotes develop into oocysts
Sporogeny- oocysts sporulate endogenously
Thin walled oocysts- Sporozoites excyst and reinfect host (auto-infection)
Thick walled oocysts: exit host, infective when shed, via bale for months

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Do cryptosporidium have endogenous or exogenous sporogeny

Endogenous

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How does auto-infection occur in cryptosporidium

Thin walled oocysts become Sporozoites and reinfect host

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What are the two broad types/diseases that cryptosporidium can cause

GI
Respiratory

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T or F: most hosts with GI cryptosporidosis have mild to moderate, self limiting diarrhea

True

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The severe form that is potentially fatal for GI cryptosporidosis is common in….

Immunocomprimised hosts or animals with concurrent infections

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what two species of cryptosporidium typically cause GI cryptosporidosis

C. Parvum and C. Baileyi

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What is the causative agent/species of GI cryptosporidosis for ruminants and horses

C. Parvum

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What is the causative agent/species for of GI cryptosporidosis in poultry

C. Baileyi

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What species is respiratory cryptosporidosis commonly seen in

Avian

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What is the causative agent of respiratory cryptosporidosis in birds

C. Baileyi

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How do you diagnose cryptosporidosis

Microscopy (acid fast stain), ELISA, PCR

What stain is preferred for cryptosporidosis

Acid-fast

What is the treat for cryptosporidosis in dogs and cats

Paromomycin

What is the treatment for cryptosporidosis in calves

Nitazoxanide

T or F: eimeria spp have narrow host specificity

True

What species does eimeria have the largest impact on

Ruminants and poultry

Where do eimeria species infect

GI tract: enterocytes and/or cells within the lamina propria

What is the predilection site for E. Tenella

Cecum

What type of lifecycle do eimeria have

Direct life cycle

How is eimeria transmitted

Fecal-oral transmission

T or F: eimeria have an enteric cycle

True Enteric life cycle: schizogeny, gametogeny, fertilization, oocyst production

Do eimeria sporulate endogenously or exogenously

Exogenously

What is damaged by eimeria induced coccidiosis that causes mild to moderate disease

Epithelium

What is damaged by eimeria induced coccidiosis that causes severe disease

Damage to epithelium and tissues within lamina propria

What is the eimeria or cattle

E. Bovis and E. Zuernii

What does E. Bovis and E. Zuernii cause in cattle

Bloody stools and tenesmus in calves

What is winter coccidosis for E. Bovis

Severe cold provokes disease even at low infection levels

What is nervous coccidiosis in E. Bovis

Enteritis and neurological disturbances, mainly seen in coldest months

T or F: sheep and goats are hosts for many of the same eimeria species

False, high host specificity

What is the eimeria spp. that infects poultry

E. Tenella

What is the preferred fecal test for diagnosing eimeria

Fecal float

What is the preferred anticoccidal drug for cattle, small ruminants and poultry against eimeria induced coccidiosis

amprolium

T or F: cystsospora have high host specificity

True

Where do cystoispora primarily infect

GI tract, infect enterocytes

What type of lifecycle do cystoisospora have

Direct

What types of transmission does cystoispora have

Fecal-oral transmission and paratenic hosts

What are the common paratenic host for cystoisospora

Rodents

How does the paratenic host infect the definitive host

Paratenic host ingest oocyst and Sporozoites encyst and form tissue cysts which are infective to definitive host

T or F: cystoispora have an enteric cycle

True

Does sporulation take place exogenously or endogenously in cystoisospora

Exogenously

What is the species/causative agent of cystoisospora coccidiosis in swine

C. Suis

What pigs are commonly infected with C. Suis

Neonates

What is the species/causative agent of cystoisospora coccidiosis in dogs

C. Canis

What is the species/causative agent of cystoisospora in cats

C. Felis and C. Rivolta

What is the definitive host for toxoplasma gondii

Felids

How are cats infected with toxoplasma gondii

Eating tissue cysts harbored in infected intermediate hosts

T or F toxoplasma gondii has an enteric cycle

True

Do oocysts sporulate exogenously or endogenously in toxoplasma gondii

Exogenously

Describe the extra-enteric cycle of toxoplasma gondii that occurs in intermediate hosts

Tachyzoites develop and rupture out of SI and mesenteric lymph node cells Tachyzoites then infect cells throughout body Cause acute toxoplasmosis and can infect placenta and fetus

Tachyzoites form ___ containing ____ in CNS, muscle and visceral organs

Tissue cysts, bradyzoites

T or F: bradyzoites only infect intermediate host.

False, bradyzoites are infective to intermittent and definitive host (felids)

What phase causes chronic toxoplasmosis

Tissue cyst phase

Which host (intermediate or definitive) dose acute toxoplasmosis occur in

Intermediate

Which host (intermediate or definitive) does chronic toxoplasmosis occur in

Both

What species does toxoplasmosis commonly cause abortion and stillbirth

Small ruminants- sheep and goats

T or F: treatment of toxoplasmosis eliminates bradyzoites in tissue cysts (chronic toxoplasmosis)

False

What is the definitive host for neospora caninum

Dogs

How is neospora caninum transmitted

Ingestion of tissue cysts harbored by intermediate host

Does neospora caninum have endogenous or exogenous sporulation

Exogenous

Describe the extra enteric cycle of neospora caninum

Tissue cysts embed primarily in CNS and muscle causing a life long infection

T or F: neospora caninum can be transmitted placentally

True

What is the intermediate host for neospora caninum

Cattle

Describe the symptoms experienced by puppies with neosporosis

Hindlimb paresis with hyperextension, muscle atrophy, cervical weakness and dysphasia (Subclinical typically)

What are some symptoms experienced by adult dogs with neosporosis

Multifocal CNS and polymyositis, myocarditis, dermatitis, pneumonia, hepatitis, peritonitis, in continence

What species does neosporosis cause abortion in

Cattle

Cattle with neosporosis that give birth often have fetuses that are ____

Autolyzed, mummified, still born

What species of neosporosis do horses get

N. Hughesi

What does N. Hughesi cause in horses

Equine Protozoa myeloencephalitis- spinal cord and brain lesions

T or F: sarcocystis have broad host specificity

False, very strict

What is the one species of sarcocystic that has various intermediate hosts and therefore not highly host specific

S. Neurona

What is the definitive host for sarcocystis

Carnivorous and omnivorous mammals, birds and reptiles

How is sarcocystis transmitted

Ingestion of tissue cysts (sarcocysts) in striated muscle of infected intermediate hosts

What species of sarcocystis infect cattle

S. Cruzi

What is the definitive host for S. Cruzi

Dogs

What species of sarcocystis infect sheep

S. Tenella

What is the definitive host of S. Tenella

Dogs

Lecture 17: Cryptosporidiosis and Coccidian diseases Flashcards

(90 cards)