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Parasitology > Lecture 18: Piroplasmosis and Haemosporidosis > Flashcards

Lecture 18: Piroplasmosis and Haemosporidosis Flashcards

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1
Q

What type of parasites are piroplasmids

A

Obligate intracellular parasites

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2
Q

What life cycles do piroplasmids have

A

Indirect

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3
Q

What is the definitive host/vector for piroplasmids

A

Ticks

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4
Q

What is the intermediate host for piroplasmids

A

Mammals, birds

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5
Q

What life cycle stages take place on the tick

A

Gametogeny, fertilization and sporogeny

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6
Q

Where do Sporozoites develop and tick and how are they transmitted to host

A

Develop in tick salivary glands and are injected into vertebrate host

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7
Q

What life cycle stage takes place on the vertebrate intermediate host for piroplasmids

A

Schizogeny

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8
Q

Where does multiplication occur for babesia

A

RBCs

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9
Q

Where does multiplication occur for theileria and cytauxzoon

A

Exoerythrocytic multiplication in leukocytes followed by multiplication in RBC’s

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10
Q

What are piroplasmids

A

Intraerythrocytic stages

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11
Q

T or F: transovarial transmission can occur with Babesia

A

Trueo

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12
Q

Describe the erythrocytic cycle (babesia)

A
  1. Sporozoites infect RBC
  2. Piroplasmids divide within RBCs
  3. Merozoites form, lyse RBC and go infect new RBC
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13
Q

What are the two species of canine babesiosis

A

B. Canis and B. Gibsoni

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14
Q

What is the main vector for B. Canis

A

Rhipicephalus sangineus

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15
Q

How is B. Gibsoni transmitted

A

Via infected blood (dogfights)

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16
Q

What are some symptoms for canine babesiosis

A

Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, icterus, hemoglobinuria, splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, can be fatal

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17
Q

Order the pathogenicity of species of canine babesia

A

B. Conradae»B. Gibsoni>.B. Canis

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18
Q

T or F: recovered animals, treated or untreated can still be carriers of canine babesia

A

True

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19
Q

What are the two species of bovine babesiosis

A

B. Bigemina and B. Bovis

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20
Q

What is the vector for B. Bigemina and B. Bovis

A

Rhipicephalus

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21
Q

Which species of bovine babesiosis is more pathogenic

A

b. Bovis

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22
Q

T or F: cows are still carriers of babesiosis regardless of treatment

A

True

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23
Q

What is the best way to identify and diagnose babesia

A

ID of piroplasms in blood smears

(Parasitemia often low in chronic babesiosis or asymptomatic)

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24
Q

What mammals are mainly parasitized by Theileria

A

Ruminants

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25
T or F: transovarial transmission occurs with Theileria
False
26
Describe the exoerythrocytic phase
1. Sporozoites infect WBC 2. Schizonts divide within WBCs 3. Merozoites form, lyse WBC and are released to infect RBC and develop into piroplasms
27
What species of Theileria destroys leukocytes and in what animal species does this occur
T. Parva in cattle
28
What species of Theileria destroys RBC and in what species does this occur
T. Equi in horses
29
What species of Theileria destroys both WBC and RBC and in what species does this occur
T. Annulata in cattle
30
T or F: horses infected with T. Equi remain carriers
True
31
What are the vectors for t. Equi
Dermacentor variablis and amblyomma mixtum
32
Transplacental transmission of T equi can result in what 3 potential outcomes
1. Abortion 2. Neonatal piroplasmosis 3. Healthy foal carriers
33
What species of theileria is lymphoproliferative
T. Annulata
34
What is the best way to ID/diagnose lymphproliferative Theileria
ID schizonts in blood or lymph node aspirate smears or tissue smears
35
For all forms of theileria what is another good way to ID/diagnose theileria
ID of piroplasms in blood smears
36
What wild felids are commonly infected with Cytauxzoon felis
Bobcat, cougar
37
What is the main vector for Cutauxzoon felis
Amblyomma americanum
38
Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle of Cytauxzoon felis in cats
Macrophages get enlarged via schizonts and occlude vasculature, can cause parasitic thrombi
39
How do you diagnose Cytauxzoonosis
1. ID of schizonts in blood or lymph node aspirates or tissue smears 2. Observe piroplasms in blood smear
40
What type of parasites are haemosporids
Obligate intracellular parasites
41
What type of life cycles for haemosporids have
Indirect
42
What is the definitive host for haemosporids
Biting flies
43
What is the intermediate host for heaemosporids
Tetrapods
44
What life cycle stages occur in the flies (definitive host) for haemosporids
1. Gametogeny 2. Fertilization 3. Sporogeny
45
What life cycle stages take place in the vertebrate intermediate host for haemosporids
Schizogeny
46
Describe the erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium
Multiplication in RBCs; gameotocytes also form in RBC
47
Describe the erythrocytic life cycle of leucocytozoon
No multiplication, only gametocytes form in RBC and mono nuclear leukocytes
48
Describe the erythrocytic cycle of haemoproteus
No multiplication, only gametocytes form in RBC
49
What is the vector for plasmodium
Mosquitoes
50
Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle for plasmodium
Infect hepatocytes of mammals, macrophages and vascular endothelial cells of birds and reptiles Host cells lyse, merozoites infect RBC and become trophozoites
51
Describe the exoerythrocytic phase in avian malaria
Endothelial schizonts may occlude capillaries result in ischemia
52
What are the two species of avian malara
P. Gallinaeum and P relictum
53
What species does P gallinaceum effect
Chickens
54
P. Relictum causes severe disease with high mortality in what species
Captive penguins
55
What are the vectors for leucocytozoon
Black flies and midges
56
What are the two species of leucocytzoon effect birds
1. L. Simondi 2. L smithi
57
What species does L simondi infect
Domestic and wild ducks and geese
58
T or F: species infected with L simondi remain carriers
True
59
What species does L smithi infect
Domestic and wild turkeys
60
T or F: species infected with L. Smithi remain carriers
True
61
What are the main vectors for haemoproteus
Midges, ked or louse flies, Tabanid flies
62
What are the main species infected with haemoproteus
Avian and reptiles
63
Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle of haemoproteus in birds
Infect vascular endothelial cells and macrophages, also infect striated muscle fibers
64
Describe the exoerythrocytic cycle of haemoproteus in reptiles
Infect macrophages
65
What are the species of avian haemoproteusis
H. Lophortyx and H. Maelaegridis
66
What species does H, lophortyx impact
New world quail
67
What species does H. Melaegridis infect
Domestic and wild turkeys

Parasitology (28 decks)

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