Lecture 21: Fluke diseases

Question 1

All trematodes are hermaphrodites except ___

Answer 1

Blood flukes (ex: H. Americana)

Question 2

Describe the basic life cycle of trematodes

Answer 2

1. Eggs are released in DH feces
2. Hatch into Miracidia
3. Miracidia enter IH (snail)
4. Miracidia undergo asexual reproduction in IH and turn into cercariae (infective stage)
5. Cercariae are ingested by definitive host or penetrate skin
6. Metaccercariae (or cercariae) develop into adult worms in DH

Question 3

What is the infective stage called in trematodes

Answer 3

Metacercariae

Question 4

What is the scientific name for common liver fluke

Answer 4

Fasciola hepatic

Question 5

What disease does F. Hepatica cause

Answer 5

Fascioliasis

Question 6

Where do adult F. Hepatica worms colonize

Answer 6

Bile ducts

Question 7

What is the intermediate host for F. Hepatica

Answer 7

Lymnaeid snails

Question 8

Describe the life cycle of F. Hepatica

Answer 8

1. Eggs exit feces of DH
2. Miracidia ingested by lymnaeid snails (IH)
3. Cercariae develop and are present on vegetation
4. Ingested by DH
5. Enter duodenum
6. Travel to liver
7. Adult worms end up in bile ducts

Question 9

What is acute fascioliasis

Answer 9

Infection of young flukes that parasitize the liver of DH—> cause hemorrhage and inflammation

Question 10

What are the definitive hosts of F. Hepatica

Answer 10

Herbivores- cattle, sheep, camelids

Question 11

What definitive host for F. Hepatica is most likely to suffer severe disease

Answer 11

Sheep, can be fatal within 2-6 weeks

Question 12

Sheep liver that shoes hemorrhage and inflammation, what trematode most likely caused this

Answer 12

F. Hepatica

Question 13

what trematode is this? Commonly causes liver damage in sheep and cattle. Intermediate host is lymnaeid snails

Answer 13

F. Hepatica

Question 14

What is chronic fascioliasis

Answer 14

Moderate infection over time that is characterized by presence of adult flukes in bile duct

Question 15

What clinical symptom is typical of chronic fascioliasis

Answer 15

Bottle jaw

Question 16

What fecal dx method is used for F. Hepatica

Answer 16

Fecal sedimentation

Question 17

What drugs tx F. Hepatica

Answer 17

Clorsulon, ivermectin, albendazole

Question 18

What trematode is this? Commonly infects sheep and cattle. Results in bottle jaw

Answer 18

F. Hepatica egg

Question 19

What species does Paragonimus kellicotti infect and where is the infection

Answer 19

Lungs of cats and dogs

Question 20

How do cats and dogs become infected with P. Kellicotti

Answer 20

Eating infected crayfish or eating animals that ate the crayfish

Question 21

What is the preferred 1st intermediate host of P. Kellicotti

Answer 21

Slender walker snails

Question 22

What is the preferred 2nd intermediate host for P. Kellicotti

Answer 22

Crayfish

Question 23

What does P. Kellicotti cause/clinical signs

Answer 23

Pleuritis, pleural effusion, pneumothorax, pneumonia, cough, dyspnea

Question 24

The following X-ray and fecal sample were observed in a dog that recently ate a crayfish. Dog is experiencing respiratory issues. what parasite is the dog infected with

Answer 24

P. Kellicotti

Question 25

How do you diagnose P. Kellicotti

Answer 25

1. Fecal sedimentation 2. Tracheal wash 3. Pleural biopsy 4. Chest rads

Question 26

What is the tx for P. Kellicotti

Answer 26

Praziquantel and fenbendazole

Question 27

What trematode egg is this? Dog/cat presented with respiratory signs

Answer 27

P. Kellicotti

Question 28

Where do adult worms of Dicrocoelium dendritium live in DH

Answer 28

Pancreatic duct, bile duct, and gallbladder

Question 29

What are the DH of dicrocoelium dendritium

Answer 29

Domestic ruminants

Question 30

How do animals become infected with D. Dendritium

Answer 30

Eating ants encysted with metacercariae

Question 31

What is the preferred 1st intermediate host of D. Dendriticum

Answer 31

1. Terrestrial snails

Question 32

What is the preferred 2nd intermediate host of D. Dendriticum

Answer 32

Ants

Question 33

Sheep presents with hepatic cirrhosis, decreased wool production, decreased lactation. (Also likes to eat ants) what parasite is the sheep infected with

Answer 33

D. Dendriticum

Question 34

How can you dx D. Dendriticum

Answer 34

Fecal float

Question 35

What is the treatment for D. Dendriticum (cattle and small ruminants vs llamas and alpacas)

Answer 35

Cattle and SR: albendazole and netobimin Llamas and alpacas: praziquantel

Question 36

What fluke family is known to penetrate skin of DH

Answer 36

Schistosomatidae

Question 37

At what life stage do schistosomatidae flukes penetrate the skin

Answer 37

Cercariae (no metacercarial stage)

Question 38

How does Heterobilharzia Americana infect host

Answer 38

Penetrate the skin

Question 39

Where do the adults of H. Americana live

Answer 39

Mesenteric veins

Question 40

What is the main reservoir and other reservoirs for H. Americana

Answer 40

Main reservoir: raccoons Other: dogs, cats

Question 41

What species shows the most clinical signs with infection of H. Americana

Answer 41

Dogs—> canine schistosomiasis

Question 42

What is the intermediate host for H. Americana

Answer 42

Lymnaeid snails

Question 43

How do dogs become infected with H. Americana

Answer 43

Infected lakes/streams

Question 44

Dog presented with lethargy, vomiting, diarrhea, weight loss, hyporexia, anorexia, hypercalemia, PU/PD. Owner lives near a stream. The following image what obtained. What parasite is this

Answer 44

H. Americana

Question 45

How do you dx H. Americana

Answer 45

1. Fecal sedimentation or biopsy samples 2. Abdominal rads- thickening of intestinal walls

Question 46

What is the tx for H. Americana

Answer 46

Praziquantel and fenbendazole

Question 47

what parasite causes canine schistosomiasis

Answer 47

H. Americana