Lecture 5: Flies and Myiasis Flashcards
(106 cards)
1
Q
Flies belong to what insect class
A
Diptera
2
Q
Adult flies have __ pair of wings
A
1
3
Q
Adult of all species have 1 pair of ___ modified wings
A
Halteres
4
Q
What is the purpose of halteres
A
Balancing organs
Club shaped
5
Q
Do flies undergo a holometabolous or heterometabolous metamorphosis
A
Complete holometabolous metamorphosis
6
Q
What is the complete metamorphosis cycle of flies
A
Egg—>larvae—> pupa—> adult
7
Q
oviparous
A
Eggs hatched outside of parents body
8
Q
Ovoviviparous
A
Eggs hatched inside parents body
9
Q
What does hematophagous mean
A
blood feeding species with biting mouthparts
10
Q
What are the 3 main groups of flies (Diptera)
A
- Nematocera
- Brachycera
- Cyclorrhapha
11
Q
What are examples of nematocera flies
A
Mosquitoes, black flies, midges, and sandflies
12
Q
What are some examples of brachycera flies
A
Horseflies and deerflies
13
Q
What are some examples of cyclorrhapha flies
A
Myiasis:Blowflies, botflies, face flies
non biting: housefly and face fly
biting: stable fly, horn fly, tstete fly, and ked or louse fly
14
Q
Larvae of which type of fly feed on host animal tissue
A
Cyclorrhapha
15
Q
What is myasis
A
Larvae that feed on host animal tissue
16
Q
Why are biting flies clinically important
A
- Painful/irritating disrupt normal behaviors (reduce production)
- Inflammation- pruritis and dermatitis, scratching, rubbing biting
- Severe blood loss
- Pathogens transmitted
17
Q
What can severe inflammatory reactions to biting flies lead to
A
Alopecia, secondary bacterial infections, production losses, death
18
Q
What is the clinical importance of non-biting flies
A
- Annoy animals and disrupt normal behavior (production losses)
- Spines on mouthparts irritate/damage mucous membranes
- Transmission of pathogens
19
Q
What is the clinical importance of myiasis
A
- Tissue destruction
- Obstruction (respiratory passages, GI)
20
Q
How can a taxonomic ID be achieved
A
Preserve in 70% ethanol and identify via pictorial keys
21
Q
What can be done in a comprehensive control program of flies
A
- Reduce host exposure to adult flies, eliminate eggs/larvae on hosts
- Control existing environmental infestation (all life stages)
- Prevent subsequent re-infestation of host and/or environment
22
Q
What are some treatment/prevention options for adult flies
A
- Insecticides
- Oral insect growth regulators (disrupt life cycle)
- Repellants
- Fly masks
- Smudge pots
- Shelter for animals
23
Q
What are some treatment and prevention options against myiasis
A
- Insecticides
- Macrocyclic lactones
- Physical removal of host, cleaning and debridement of wounds
24
Q
How can you treat and prevent horse bot eggs
A
Scrape eggs off host or apply warm water and insecticide
25
Permethrin is toxic for what species
Cats
26
Ivermectin is toxic in some breeds of what species
Dogs
27
What chemical/drug is not approved for lactating cows
Ivermectin
28
What are some environmental control methods
1. Removal or larval habitat
2. Chemical control
3. Biological control
4. Screens, traps, zappers
5. Monitoring
29
What is the appropriate chemical control for adult flies
Insecticides
30
What is the appropriate chemical control for larvae
Insecticides, insect growth regulators, smothering agents
31
What are some biological controls
Parasitoid wasps and bacillius thuringiensis
32
Parasitoid wasps target what type of pupae
Cyclorrhaphans- house flies, face flies
33
What are some examples of non-chemical control methods for adult flies
Screens, fly traps, flypaper, zappers
34
what are some examples for non-chemical control methods for mosquito larvae
Modification of aquatic habitat (source reduction)
35
What types of mosquitoes afflict mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians
Aides, anopheles, culex
36
Culicidae are what type of Nematocera
Mosquitoes
37
What pathogens are commonly carried by mosquitoes
Canine heartworm, plasmodium spp (malaria), west Nile, EEE, rift valley fever, and feline mosquito bite hypersensitivity
38
What rare reaction can cats have to mosquitoes
Feline mosquito bite hypersensitivity resulting in exsanguination
39
Simuliidae are what type of Nematocera
Black flies
40
What type of black fly commonly feeds on blood of birds and mammals
Simulium
41
What pathogens can be carried by black flies
1. Filiaroid nematodes of equids and ruminants
2. leucocytozoon spp of poultry and other birds
3. Vesicular stomatitis virus- equids, cattle, swine
42
what is leucocytozoon
Parasitic Protozoa of poultry and other birds
43
What fly can cause simuliotoxicosis in equids, ruminants, swine, birds
Black flies
44
Ceratopogonidae are what type of Nematocera
Midges
45
What type of midges are biters of mammals and birds
Culicoides spp
46
What pathogens can be spread by midges
1. Filarioid nematodes of equids, bovids, and canids
2. Leucocytozoon spp and haemoproteus of poultry and other birds
3. Bluetongue, African horse sickness
4. Equine allergic dermatitis
47
What type of Nematocera can cause equine allergic dermatitis
Midges (Ceratopogonidae)
48
Psychodidae are what type of Nematocera
Sandflies
49
What type of of sandflies attach mammals, birds and reptiles
Lutzomyia, phlebotomus
50
What pathogens do sandflies pass
1. Leishmania spp
2, vesicular stomatitis virus
51
What type of Brachycera is Tabanidae
Horseflies and deer flies
52
What pathogens can brachycera flies pass
1. Filaroid nematodes of ruminants and other mammals
2. Tyrpanosoma spp of undulates and other mammals
3. francisella tularensis, anaplasma, anthrax
4. Equine infectious anemia, WEEV
53
what are Haematobia spp. in the cyclorrhapha family
Horn flies
54
What type of adult flies live on cattle, feed frequently and cause heavy production losses
Cyclorrhapha, horn flies
55
What pathogens can horn flies spread
1. Stephanofilaria stilesi- filaroid nematode of cattle
2. Staphylococcus aureus- mastitis and skin lesions
56
what is Stomoxys spp. in the cyclorrhapha family
Stable flies
57
What type of pathogens can stable flies spread
1. Spirurid nematodes of equids
2. Potential vector of bovine anaplasmosis
3. Equine infectious anemia
58
What fly is a potential vector for bovine anaplasmosis
Stable flies (Biting fly)
59
What are Hippoboscidae in cyclorrhapha family
Keds or louse flies
60
What type of Cyclorrhapha are dorsoventrally flattened parasites of birds ruminants, equids and other mammals
Keds or louse flies
61
What type of ked is wingless; entire life is spent on host
Sheep ked
62
What can the sheep ked cause
1. Anemia
2. Damage to wool/hides
3. Tyrpanosoma melophagium
4 blue tongue virus
63
what is Glossinidae in the cyclorrhapha family
Tsetse flies
64
What are tsetse flies vectors for
Tyrpanosoma Brunei—> nagana and sleeping sickness
65
what are the 4 cyclorrhapha biting flies
1. Horn flies (Haematobia spp.)
2. Stable flies (stomoxys)
3. Ked or louse flies (Hippoboscidae)
4. Tsetse flies (Glossinidae)
66
what type of cyclorrhapha are Musca autumnalis
Face fly
67
What type of Cyclorrhapha feed on ocular/nasal discharges of cattle and other livestock
Face flies
68
What type of pathogens can be caused by faced flies
1. Spiruid nematodes of cattle and equids
2. Moraxella Bovis—> bovine keratoconjutivitis
69
what type of cyclorrhapha are Musca domestica
Housefly
70
What is the most abundant insect pest associated with livestock, poultry and people
Housefly
71
What does the housefly feed on
Ocular/nasal fluids, other bodily fluids
72
What pathogens can the house fly spread
1. Spirurid nematodes of equids
2. Chicken tapeworm (choanotaenia infindibulum)
3. Implicated in transmission of diverse microbes, enteric pathogens
73
What are the 2 non-biting cyclorrhapha flies
1. Face fly (Musca autumnalis)
2. Housefly (Musca domestica)
74
What are obligate (primary) myiasis
Larvae REQUIRE a live host for food
75
What are facultative (secondary) myiasis
Larvae usually eat carrion, sometimes infest live animals
76
What type of Cyclorrhapha are Sarcophagidae
Flesh flies
77
Are flesh flies of the sacrophagiade family obligate or facultative
Both
78
what type of flesh fly is Wohlfahrtia vigil
Gray flesh fly
79
Are gray flesh flies (wohlfahrtia vigil) obligate or facultative myiasis
Obligate- primarily in young mammals and birds
80
what type of cyclorrhapha is Calliphoridae
Blowflies
81
Are blowflies (calliphoridae) obligate or facultative
Both
82
Adult blowflies have ___ colors and transmit ____
Metallic colors and transmit pathogenic microbes
83
what type of blowfly is Cochliomyia hominivorax
New world screwworm
84
Are new world screwworm (cochliomyia hominivorax) obligate or facultative myiasis
Obligate
85
What type of blowfly is Lucilia sericata
Common green bottle fly
86
Are common green bottle fly (lucilia sericata) obligate or facultative myiasis
Facultative
87
What are two examples of how the common green bottle fly can be useful
1. Maggot debridement therapy
2. Forensic science- estimation of post-mortem interval
88
Are botflies (oestridae) obligate or facultative myiasis
Obligate, primarily mammalian hoists
89
___botlfies (oestridae) do not feed
Adults- have vestigial mouthparts
90
what type of botfly is Oestrus ovis
Sheep nasal botfly
91
What botfly can have wandering larvae that can cause false gid
Sheep nasal botfly (oestrus ovis)
92
What type of botfly is Hypoderma spp.
Heel flies
93
What type of botfly causes subcutaneous cysts (warbles) in bovids, cervids and equids
Heel flies (hypoderma spp)
94
How do larvae of heel flies impact cattle rearing operations
Hide damage, reduce weight gains and meat damage
95
How do adult females of heel flies impact cattle rearing operations
Self injury by gadding cattle
96
What type of botfly is Gasterophilius spp.
Horse botflies
97
What botfly causes gastrointestinal myiasis in equids
Horse botflies (gasterophilus spp)
98
What are some complications of horse botflies (gasterophilius spp)
Loose teeth, GI blockage with colic, chronic gastritis, stomach ulcers, esophageal paralysis, peritonitis, anemia
99
Cuterebra spp botflies cause subcutaneous cysts in what species
Wild rodents and rabbits
100
Cuterebra spp botflies cause cutaneous cuterebriasis in what species
Domestic rabbits
101
What are the aberrant hosts of cuterebra spp botflies
Cats, dogs, ferrets
102
What are some complications of the cuterebra spp in cats and dogs due to wandering larvae
1. Myiasis of eye, nasal, and oral regions
2. Cerebrospinal cutebriasis- potentially fatal
103
What are the 3 broad types of cyclorrhapha- myiasis causing flies
1. Flesh flies
2. Blowflies
3. Botflies
104
What are the cyclorrhapha myiasis causing flesh flies (Sarcophagidae) (1)
1. Gray flesh fly (Wohlfahrtia vigil)
105
What are the cyclorrhapha myiasis causing blowflies (Calliphoridae) (2)
1. New world screwworm (Cochliomyia hominivorax)
2. Common green botfly (Lucilia sericata)
106
What are the cyclorrhapha myiasis causing botflies (Oestridae) (4)
1. Sheep nasal botfly (Oestrus Ovis)
2. Heel flies (Hypoderma)
3. horse botflies (Gasterophilus)
4. Cuterebra spp.
