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Parasitology > Lecture 16: Trichomoniasis and Histomoniasis > Flashcards

Lecture 16: Trichomoniasis and Histomoniasis Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

Trichomonads are symbionts of the __ and ___ tracts of mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians

A

GI and urogential tracts

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2
Q

Are trichomonads monoxenous or heteroxenous

A

Monoxenous

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3
Q

What are the key cellular structures of trichomonads

A

Anterior flagella, undulating membrane and posterior free flagellum, and axostyle

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4
Q

Where is Tritrichomonas foetus found

A

Worldwide

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5
Q

How is T. Foetus transmitted to cattle/where is it found

A

Via the reproductive tract, venereal transmission

Rare transmission via artificial insemination or gynecological exam

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6
Q

Where does T. Foetus infect dogs and dogs

A

Large intestine

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7
Q

Where does T. Suits (aka T. Foetus) infect swine

A

Nasal cavity and GI tract

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8
Q

What is this? Commonly infests reproductive tract of cattle

A

T. Foetus

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9
Q

Where does bovine trichomoniasis infect males

A

Penile, preputial membrane and distal urethra

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10
Q

T or F: males infected with bovine trichomoniasis are usually asymptomatic and have chronic infections

A

True

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11
Q

Where does bovine trichomoniasis usually infect females

A

Vagina, uterus, uterine tubes

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12
Q

What are some signs of a female infected with bovine trichomoniasis

A

Infertility, early abortion, uterine discharge, pyometra, and mummified fetus

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13
Q

In female cattle infected with bovine trichomoniasis the infection typically clears within ___months post breeding and provides temporary ___

A

3 months, temporary immunity

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14
Q

What are some signs of T. Foetus in dogs

A

Diarrhea

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15
Q

What are some signs of T. Foetus in swine

A

Commensal, typically clinical signs not seen

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16
Q

How do you diagnose bovine trichomoniasis

A
  1. Clinical signs
  2. ID trophozoites in sample via reproductive tract
  3. Culture
  4. PCR
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17
Q

What is the treatment for bovine trichomoniasis

A

Ipronidazole for bulls

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18
Q

What is a negative side effect of ipronidazole

A

Inject site abscess

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19
Q

How do you prevent bovine trichomoniasis

A
  1. Artificial insemination (can be eliminated from semen via demetridazole)
  2. Cull infected bulls
  3. Vaccination
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20
Q

Tritrichomonas balgburni is worldwide in what species

A

Cats

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21
Q

Where does T. Blagburni usually infect cats

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A

Large bowel- colon, cecum, ileum

22
Q

How is T. Blagburni transmitted

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A

Fecal-oral transmission

23
Q

What are the most common clinical signs of feline trichomoniasis

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A

Chronic diarrhea, tenesmus, flatulence, lethargy, anorexia, weight loss

24
Q

How do you diagnose feline trichomoniasis

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Clinical signs
  2. ID in fecal sample or culture
  3. PCR
25
How do you treat feline trichomoniasis
Ronidazole (not approved by FDA) **neurotoxic Banned for use in food animals
26
How do you prevent feline trichomoniasis
1. Isolate 2. Strict sanitation 3. Catteries
27
What species does pentatrichomas hominis infect
Primates, canids, felines, rodents and swine
28
How is P. Hominis transmitted
Fecal-oral
29
What does Canine trichomoniasis cause (P. Hominis)
Diarrhea
30
How do you diagnose P. Hominis
Microscopy, culture, PCR
31
What species does histomonas melaegridis infect
Avian species
32
Where does H. Melaegridis infect in avian species
Ceca, can spread to liver and other organs
33
What is the pleomorphic form of H. Melaegridis
Flagellated luminal form, causes amoeboid tissue dwelling
34
What bird is most impact by galliform H. Melaegridis
Turkeys
35
How is H. Melaegridis transmitted
1. Cecal nematode 2. Clonal drinking 3. Fecal oral transmission
36
What is the intermediate host of H. Melaegridis
heterakis gallinarium
37
Describe the transmission of H. Melaegridis via Cecal nematode
1. H. Melaegridis infects heterakis females via infected eggs 2. Birds acquire Cecal nematode and Histomonas infection
38
Infected eggs and ___ allow H. Melaegridis to persist in poultry yards for long time
Earthworms
39
How is H. Melaegridis transmitted in cloacal drinking
Cloaca contacts infected feces and is drawn into GI tract and ceca
40
What internal damage does histomoniasis cause
1. Necrotic lesions to Cecal wall and surface of liver 2. Cecal perforation and peritonitis
41
What are some clinical signs of H. Melaegridis
Lethargy, drooping wings, unkept feathers, reduced appetite, decreased flight distance, yellowish diarrhea
42
How do you diagnose H, melaegridis
1. Clinical signs 2. Gross pathology of liver and ceca 3. Microscopic exams 4. Culture 5. PCR
43
What is the main host for T. Gallinae
Birds- pigeons and doves
44
Where does T. Gallinae typically infest
Upper digestive tract- oropharynx, esophagus, crop
45
What is an emerging infectious disease of trichomoniasis family in Britain and other parts of Europe
Finch trichomoniasis
46
How is T. Gallinae transmitted
1. Infected crop milk 2. Ingestion of contaminated water or food 3. Ingestion of infected birds
47
What are some disease patterns/damage cause by T. Gallinae
Necrotic lesions to upper GI tract, liver. Lesions may extend into conjunctiva, neck, skin and skull
48
What are some clinical signs of T. Gallinae
Lethargy, anorexia, weight loss, unkept feathers, salivation, caseous matter in/around mouth, foul smelling odor, pendulous crop, diarrhea
49
How do you diagnose T. Gallinae
1. Gross pathology 2. Microscopic exam 3. Culture 4. PCR
50
How do you prevent avian trichomoniasis
1. Remove or treat birds 2. Disinfect bird feeders, waters, baths 3. Exclude wild birds from pens 4. Do not feed infected carcasses to raptors
51
What type of Trichomoniasis is common in captive reptiles
Intestinal trichomonads
52
Trichomoniasis can cause enteric disease when..
1. Present in large numbers 2. Associated with other pathogens

Parasitology (28 decks)

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