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Microbiology > Lecture 20 > Flashcards

Lecture 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

Fungi are ______

A

eukaryotes

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2
Q

What does fungal cell wall contain?

A

chitin- not peptidoglycan

also contains beta glucon

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3
Q

What is beta glucon the site for?

A

antifungal drugs

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4
Q

What does fungal cell membrane contain?

A

ergo sterol

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5
Q

4 types of fungi

A

yeast, yeast like, molds, dimorphic

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6
Q

Define yeast

A

unicellular- sperical or oval- reproduce by simple budding

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7
Q

Define yeast like

A

grow partly as yeast or partly as elongated cells resembling hyphae

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8
Q

Define molds (or filaments)

A

grow as elongated filaments septate or non septate

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9
Q

What is a bunch of hyphae known as?

A

mycelium

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10
Q

Define dimorphic

A

can grow as filament or yeast depending on temp

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11
Q

At what temperature will host tissue grow as yeast?

A

37 degrees celcius

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12
Q

At what temperature will yeast grow in soil?

A

22 degrees celcius

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13
Q

Fungi use what type of oxygen?

A

most are obligate aerobe- some are facultative anaerobes (no obligate anaerobes)

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14
Q

How do fungi reproduce?

A

spore formation

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15
Q

Why do fungal infections cause granuloma formation?

A

due to cell mediated immune response

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16
Q

What are most fungal diseases due to?

A

inhalation of fungal spores- some are skin diseases

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17
Q

What do allergy to fungal spores manifest as?

A

asthma

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18
Q

What is mycotoxicosis?

A

when fungus produces toxins which cause disease when eaten

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19
Q

What may amanita mushrooms cause?

A

liver damage (hepatotoxic)

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20
Q

What does ergotamin cause?

A

uterine contractions and may cause abortion in pregnant women

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21
Q

What can LSD produce>

A

hallucinations and drug addiction

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22
Q

What may spoiled pea nuts contain?

A

mold aspergilus flavus- contain aflatoxin

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23
Q

Good fungus can do what?

A

used in production of foods like bread, cheese, wines and beer

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24
Q

Lab diagnosis for fungal toxins?

A

direct microscopic exam- observe filaments in 10% KOH

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25
What are serological tests
CSF polysaccharide Ag may be detected using specific ABs
26
WHat does caspofungi do?
inhibits B glucon cell wall material- useful in candida and aspergloses
27
What does Amphotericin B do?
disrupts ergosterol (in cell membrane)
28
How do Azole group of drugs act?
act by blocking synthesis of ergosterol
29
Drug that inhibits DNA synthesis
Flucytosine
30
What are skin infections caused by?
moulds- they cause ringworm
31
What is ringworm caused by?
a fungus known as Tenia
32
What does T corporis cause?
infection on smooth non hairy skin
33
What does T. cruris cause?
groin and perineu (jock itch)
34
What does T barbae cause?
bearded areas (barber itch)
35
What does T pedis cause?
Athletes foot
36
What does T. capitis cause?
ringworm of scalp- patchy alopecia
37
What are ringworms diagnosed by?
skin scrapings and woods lamp detects fungal filaments fluorescing
38
Treatment for Ringworm?
Miconozol/Tolfonate creams and oral Griseofulvin
39
What do systemic fingal infections result from?
inhalation of spores of dimorphic fungi
40
What is ringworm?
a patch of itching vesicles with central clearing area
41
What do lung spores differentiate into?
yeast
42
Clinical manifestations of systemic fungal infections?
most are asymptomatic or self limiting- not communicable
43
Define Coccidiodomycosis
Soil molds that cause granulomatous lesions in bone and meninges
44
Where is the coccidiodomycosis endemic?
in certain areas of south west US and Latin America
45
What may Coccidiodomycosis cause?
red nodules on shin of leg with joint pains
46
Treatment for Coccidiodomycosis
Amphotericin B/ Itraconazol
47
Define Histoplasma capsulatum
Dimorphic fungus that grows in soil contaminated with bird droppings- seen in bat infested caves/chicken houses
48
Who is Histoplasma capsulatum common in?
construction workers- earth excavations
49
Transmission of Histoplasma capsulatum
inhalation
50
Endemic areas with Histoplasma capsulatum
Ohio, Mississippi valley
51
Clinical manifestations of Histoplasma capsulatum
most are asymptomatics- can cause pneumonia or erythema nodosum
52
What can Histoplasma cause in AIDS patients?
ulcerated lesions in the tongue
53
Treatment for Histoplasma
Fluconazol for Meningitis and amohotericin B for lung infections
54
Where is Candida albicans found as normal flora?
on the skin and mucous membranes (URT, GIT, female genital tract)
55
What does Candida albicans look like?
not dimorphic- oval yeast with single bud in tissues as yeast or pseudohyphae
56
How is Candida albicans transmitted?
not transmitted- already present on skin and infects when immune system is doen
57
What can Candida albicans produce?
overgrowth of candida in mouth produces thrush, vulvo vaginitis with itching and discharge, finger nail infection, red and weeping skin lesions, right sided endocarditis
58
What can Candida albicans cause in a patient with leukemia?
candida oesophagitis
59
What does Cryptococcus neoformans cause?
cryptococcus meningitis- most common life threatening infection in AIDS patients
60
What does Cryptococcus neoformans look like?
ovel budding yeast surrounded by a wide polysaccharide capsule- not dimorphic
61
Transmission of Cryptococcus neoformans
occurs widely in nature- soil containing pigeon droppings- birds are not infected
62
How does human infection of Cryptococcus neoformans occur?
inhalation of organisms (yeasts)
63
Lab diagnosis for Cryptococcus neoformans?
India ink staining will show unstained capsule against dark background
64
Treatment for Cryptococcus neoformans
Ampho B and Flucytocin
65
What does Aspergilus furnigatus exist as?
only as mold (not dimorphic)
66
Transmission of Aspergilus fumigatus
occurs through inhalation of spores- can also invade through abraded skin/corneal wounds/external ear, para nasal sinuses
67
What does Aspergilus fumigatus cause?
skin, eye, ear infections and lung infections
68
What does Asperguilas fumigatus cause in lung?
Alelrgic broncho pulmonary aspergilosis- asthma
69
Define Aflatoxin
a carcinogen and hepatotoxic- produced when Aspergilus flavus grows in cereals and nuts

Microbiology (16 decks)

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