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My Packs: (UWO) (KIN 1080) > Lecture 21 > Flashcards

Lecture 21 Flashcards

1
Q

Define:

SNARC effect

A

Spatial Numerical Associations of Response Codes
* How we represent numbers

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2
Q

How is the SNARC effect shown in writing numbers?

A
  • Most people: Write a number line (ascending) horizontally from left to right
  • More artistic people: Writes the number in a pyramidal structure and/or vertically
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3
Q

True or False:

One factor in the SNARC effect is country of origin

A

True

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4
Q

In a study, how is it shown that we act to numbers?

A
  • If numbers 1 or 2 show up, we move faster to the left
  • If numbers 8 or 9 show up, we move faster to the right
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5
Q

True or False:

TMS has no effect on the SNARC effect

A

False, TMS obliterates this relationship and every reaction time becomes slow

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6
Q

How does the relative age effect present itself?

A
  • CEOs of large companies tend to be from 1st quartile
  • Thoroughbred racing horses that win tend to be from 1st quartile
  • Individuals who succeed in sports tend to be from 1st/2nd quartile
  • Larger gap between 1st/2nd quartile and 3rd/4th quartile students in school
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7
Q

Why is the relative age effect important in sports and schools?

A

Important to flatten out this curve so everyone gets equal opportunities

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8
Q

Why is the relative age effect present in sports?

A
  1. Physical maturation
  2. Selected at an earlier age
  3. Competition, better coaching, more practices
  4. Confidence, motivation
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9
Q

What are the two components of the response selection stage?

A
  1. Number of stimulus-response (SR) alternatives
  2. Stimulus/Spatial Compatibility
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10
Q

What is “number of stimulus-response (SR) alternatives”? How does it affect response selection stage?

A

Identifying what you need to do based on the stimuli
* Impacts speed and accuracy of the response selection stage of information processing

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11
Q

How is “number of stimulus-repsonse (SR) alternatives” evaluated?

A
  • Increasing the number of alternatives
  • This increases the time required to process and select and appropriate response
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12
Q

State:

Hick-Hyman Law

A

Fundamental law, allowing us to predict choice reactino time (RT) based on the knowledge of number of stimulus response alternative choices (index of difficulty, ID)

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13
Q

State:

The function for Hick-Hyman Law

A

Choice RT = a + b[log2(N)]

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14
Q

In the formula for Hick-Hyman Law:

What does a stand for?

A

Intercept
* The value (reaction time) for a 1-SR task (simple reaction time task)
* Measured in milliseconds

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15
Q

In the formula for Hick-Hyman Law:

What does b stand for?

A

Slope
* The change in y associated with every 1 unit change in x
* Change in reaction time for each change of index of difficulty

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16
Q

In the formula for Hick-Hyman Law:

What does the log2(N) part stand for?

A

Index of difficulty
N is number of stimulus responses

17
Q

How is the index of difficulty described?

A

In bits of difficulty, bits of information

18
Q

What is a bit?

A

Amount of information required to reduce uncertainty by half

19
Q

True or False:

The reaction time increases exponentially with increasing index of difficulty

A

False, the reaction time increases linearly with the increasing index of difficulty

20
Q

What is the Hick-Hyman Law equation measured in? What is it used for?

A

ALWAYS measured in milliseconds
* Measures how effectively one can interact with the environment, used in various occupations

21
Q

What is spatial compatibility? How does it affect the information processing stage?

A

Facilitates response selection time and accuracy

22
Q

What is the Stroop task?

A

Measures the Stroop interference effect
* Measures how lack of compatibility of stimulus and response affects response selection phase of information

23
Q

What does the Stroop task look into?

A

Stimulus and response compatibility

24
Q

Describe:

The Stroop task

A

A word of a certain colour shows up
* Standard response: Reading the word
* Non-Standard response: Reading the colour of the word

25
Q

True or False:

The Stroop task is an inhibitory control task

A

True

My Packs: (UWO) (KIN 1080) (27 decks)

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