Lecture 25 Flashcards
(41 cards)
True or False:
STM is categorical in nature, and veridical
False, STM is categorical but NOT veridical (not precise/absolute)
What is the capacity of STM?
7 ± 2 bits of information
* Basis for the 7-digit phone number
Describe:
Brown-Peterson Paradigm
Graph
* X-axis is trial number, Y-axis is recall accuracy
* Control and experimental conditions
What was seen in the Brown-Peterson Paradigm?
As trial number increased, the performance accuracy becomes worse and worse
What happened in the Brown-Peterson Paradigm when numbers were used in the 4th trial instead of letters?
Accuracy rebound occurs (gets really good at recalling the numbers)
What does accuracy rebound in the Brown-Peterson Paradigm demonstrate?
The release from proactive interference
Define:
Proactive Interference
The forgetting of currently learned material due to interference from previously learned material
Define:
Retroactive Interference
Process in which an event learned during a retention interval leads to forgetting of a previously learned event
True or False:
Retroactive interference is the reverse of proactive interference
True
What is the information going from short-term to long-term memory called?
Consolidation
What is consolidation improved by? How?
Sleep - slow wave sleep
* Synchronized activity between temporal lobe and hippocampus
* Brain supports the consolidation of new memories
How much sleep is required for increase in memory task performance?
8 hours
What are the results if you go to sleep right after studying?
Decreases the chance of proactive and retroactive interference
What is neurogenesis? What is the seat of neurogenesis?
The generation of new neurons
* Hippocampus activity
Describe:
The broad concept of Serial Position Effect
A combination of the Primacy and Recency effects
How is the serial position effect demonstrated?
Presenting a series of words, one-by-one
Describe:
Primacy effect
Applies to the first couple words in the series
* Better recall accuracy
* Time to rehearse and repeat the first couple of words
Describe:
Recency effect
Applies to the words at the end of the series
* The words have not had enough time to decay
Describe:
The middle couple of words in a series and their effect
These words are restricted by the temporal effects of STM
Describe:
Primacy and Recency effect in individuals with concussions
- Typically not demonstrate primacy effect
- Due to the fact that the recency effect is an executively demanding task
Describe:
Primacy and Recency effect in individuals with cognitive decline
- Not demonstrate the primacy effect
- Demonstrate a little recency effect
Define:
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve
Named for Herman Ebbinghaus
* Demonstrated in a graph: Y-axis is amount of information retained, X-axis is the amount time elapsed after learning the motor task
Describe:
What the Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve demonstrates
Within an hour, you lose 60% of the information you learned
In the Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve:
How long does the forgetting sequence occur? What happens after this period?
- Occurs up to 2 days, losing/forgetting almost 75% of the information you learned
- After, all the way up to 1 month, forgetting information is minimal
