Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Step One R&M > Lipid transport, apolipoproteins, dyslipidemias > Flashcards

Lipid transport, apolipoproteins, dyslipidemias Flashcards

(55 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the function of a chylomicron?

A

Delivers TG to peripheral tissues via LPL degradation of its TG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

What is the function of VLDL?

A

Delivers TG to periphery; secreted by liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Function of ApoC-II

A

Cofactor for LPL (which degrades TG in chlyomicrons and VLDL)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Alcohol increases synthesis

A

HDL (in moderation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s elevated in the blood of a person with familial hypertriglyceridemia?

A

TG, VLDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the function of IDL?

A

Delivers cholesterol and TG to the LIVER

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is mechanism for uptake of LDL?

A

Binds LDL receptors in periphery via B-100 and undergoes receptor-mediated endocytosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What’s elevated in the blood of a person with familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

LDL and cholesterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which lipoproteins are found on VLDL?

A

ApoE, ApoC-II, ApoB-100

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

ApoC-II is found on which particles?

A

Chylomicrons, VLDL, and HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What’s the cause of familial hypercholesterolemia?

A

Absent or defective LDL receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pancreatitis in a non-alcoholic

A

Familial hypertriglyceridemia, familial hyperchylomicronemia, hypercalcemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Function of ApoA-I

A

Activates LCAT (which esterifies cholesterol)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Mode of inheritance:

Familial hyperchylomicronemia

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Familial hypertriglyceridemia

A

AR

AD

AD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the transport of HDL

A

Nascent HDL particles released by the liver and intestine –> acted on by LCAT which esterifies cholesterol –> forms mature HDL –> goes back oto the liver or is acted on by CETP –> transfers cholesterol esters to other lipoprotein particles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

ApoB-48 is found on which particles?

A

Chylomicrons and chylomicron remnants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What proportion of plasma cholesterol is esterified by LCAT to form mature HDL?

A

2/3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Pancreatitis + heptasplenomegaly + eruptive/pruritic xanthomas

A

Familial hyperchylomicronemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Type I familial dyslipidemia

A

Hyperchylomicronemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ApoA-I is found on which particles?

A

Chylomicrons and HDL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What’s elevated in the blood of a person with familial hyperchylomicronemia?

A

Chylomicrons, cholesterol, TG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe the transport of dietary fat and cholesterol

A

Formed into chylomicrons in the small intestine with the aid of bile acids from the liver –> acted on by LPL on surface of vascular endothelium –> releases FFA that go to skeletal muscle and adipose tissue –> chylomicron remnants taken up by liver via chylomicron remnant receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which lipoproteins are found on HDL?

Study These Flashcards
A

ApoE, ApoA-I, ApoC-II

20
Q

Secreted from liver only

Secreted from intestine only

Secreted from liver and intestine

Study These Flashcards
A

VLDL

Chylomicrons

HDL

20
Incidence of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia?
1:500
21
Which lipoproteins are found on IDL?
ApoE, ApoB-100
22
What causes familial hypertriglyceridemia?
Hepatic overproduction of VLDL
24
Describe the transport of cholesterol from the liver to peripheral tissues
VLDL made in and released by the liver into circulation --\> acted on by LPL bound to vascular endothelium --\> forms FFA + IDL which goes back to the liver or is acted upon by HL --\> forms LDL --\> taken up by LDL receptors in liver or peripheral tissues
25
MI at age 20
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
26
Function of ApoE
Uptake of all remnants except LDL
27
What is a chylomicron remnant made up of and what is its function?
Cholesterol, most of its TG has been depleted; delivers cholesterol to the liver (uptake via ApoE)
28
Which lipoproteins are found on chylomicron remnants?
ApoE, ApoB-48
29
Tendon xanthoma + cholesterol ~ 300 + corneal arcus
Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
30
What is the function of HDL?
Transports cholesterol from periphery to liver and provides a reservoir of ApoE and ApoC, which are needed for VLDL and chylomicron metabolism
30
Young non-drinker with pancreatitis that resolves rapidly upon fasting + normal gallbladder US
Hypertriglyceridemia (TG + pancreatic lipase = FFA in pancreatic capillaries; normally these FFA bind albumin but if TG \> 1000 albumin becomes overwhelmed and FFA cause direct damage to pancreas)
32
How is LDL formed?
Hepatic lipase degradation of IDL TG
34
Function of HL
Degrades TG remaining in IDL to form LDL
36
ApoB-100 is found on which particles?
LDL, VLDL, IDL
37
Tendon xanthoma + cholesterol \> 700 + corneal arcus
Homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia
38
ApoE is found on which lipoprotein particles?
Chylomicrons, chylomicron remnants, HDL, VLDL, IDL
39
Function of hormone-sensitive lipase
Degrades TG stored in adipose tissue
40
What is found in lipoprotein particles?
Cholesterol, TG, phospholipids
42
Transports cholesterol from periphery to liver
HDL
43
Pancreatic lipase
Degradation of dietary TG in small bowel
44
Where is LPL found?
Vascular endothelial surface
45
What's the cause of familial hyperchylomicronemia?
Defective lipoprotein lipase or ApoC-II (LPL cofactor) = can't degrade TG in chylomicron to for chylomicron remnants for uptake by liver
46
Transport cholesterol from liver to periphery
LDL
47
Function of ApoB-100
Binds LDL receptor
48
Function of LPL
Degradation of TG in VLDL or chylomicrons
49
Which lipoproteins are found on chylomicrons?
ApoE, ApoB-48, ApoA-I, ApoC-II
51
Which is the only lipoprotein found on LDL?
ApoB-100 (which binds LDL receptor)
52
No increased risk for atherosclerosis
Familial hyperchylomicronemia
53
Function of ApoB-48
Chylomicron release
54
Dx if this is a 25-year-old patient?
Familial hypercholesterolemia (type IIa dyslipidemia)
55
Which two lipoprotein particles carry the most cholesterol?
HDL and LDL

Step One R&M (38 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions