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Haematology > Lymphoid system > Flashcards

Lymphoid system Flashcards

1
Q

What are the three main classes of lymphocytes?

A

B cells
T cells
NK cells

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2
Q

Where do the arterial and venous vessels serving the node enter and leave lymph nodes?

A

Hilum

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3
Q

Where do lymph eventually enter the venous system?

A

Junction of the R or L subclavian and jugular veins

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4
Q

Which lymphocytes are involved in Humoral immunity?

A

B lymphocytes

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5
Q

Which lymphocytes are involved in cell mediated immunity?

A

T lymphocytes

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6
Q

How are resting B lymphocyes arranged in lymph nodes?

A

Primary follicles

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7
Q

Where in the lymph node do activated B cells go?

A

Germinal centres

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8
Q

If B cells are particularly prominant in a lymph node what kind of conditions are you thinking about?

A

Autoimmune

Infections (bacterial)

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9
Q

If T cells are particularly prominant in a lymph node what kind of conditions are you thinking about?

A

Viral infection

Drugs such as phenytoin

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10
Q

What does the red pulp of the spleen contain?

A

Sinusoids and cords

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11
Q

What does the spleen do, from an immunological perspective?

A

Acts as a filter for blood - detects retains and eliminates unwanted, foreign or damaged material and facilitates immune response to blood borne antigens.

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12
Q

What is the triad of symptoms seen in hypersplenism?

A
  1. Splenomegaly
  2. Fall in one or more of the cellular components of blood
  3. Correction of cytopenias
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13
Q

What three disease can cause hyposplenism?

A

Coeliac disease
Sarcoidosis
Sickle cell disease

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14
Q

What are the two main functions of the lymphatic system?

A

Return lymph to the circulation

Filter lymph before return to circulation

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15
Q

In what conditions in the lymph node response primarily due to B cells?

A

Autoimmune conditions

Infections

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16
Q

In what conditions in the lymph node response primarily due to phagocytes?

A

Draining of a tumour site

17
Q

In what conditions in the lymph node response primarily due to T cells?

A

Viral infections

Drugs such as phenytoin

18
Q

What artery supplies the spleen and what is this artery a branch of?

A

Splenic artery - branch of the coeliac trunjk

19
Q

Describe the venous drainage of the spleen?

A

Drained by the splenic vein which joins with the superior mesenteric vein to form the portal vein.

20
Q

Describe the immunological function of the spleen

A

Detects retains and eliminates unwanted, foreign or damaged material
Facilitates the immune response to blood borne antigens

21
Q

What does the red pulp of the spleen contain?

A

Sinusoids which are filled with blood
Splenic cords
Marginal zone next to the white pulp

22
Q

What do the splenic cords contains?

A

Macrophages
Fibroblasts
Cells in transit

23
Q

What is the main function of the red pulp of the spleen?

A

Mechanical filtration of red blood cells

24
Q

What is the main function of the white pulp of the spleen?

A

Activation of the immune response through humeral and cell mediated pathways

25
Q

What does the white pulp of the spleen contain?

A

Nodules called malpighian corpuscles composed of:

  • Lymphoid follicles rich in B lymphocytes
  • Periarteriolar lymphoid sheaths rich in T lymphocytes (CD4+ cells)
26
Q

What is the triad of hypersplenism?

A
  1. Splenomegaly
  2. Fall in one or more of the cellular components of the blood.
  3. Correction of cytopenias by splenectomy
27
Q

In hyposplenism are the features mainly from reduced red pulp or white pulp function?

A

Red pulp

28
Q

What might you see on a peripheral blood smear of someone with hyposplenism?

A

Howell Jolly bodies

29
Q

What is a howell jolly body?

A

Basophilic nuclear remnants in circulating erythrocytes. Purple spot in the erythrocyte in peripheral blood smear.

30
Q

What would you think of as a diagnosis if you saw howell jolly bodies on peripheral blood smear?

A

Reduced splenic funtion

Haematology (21 decks)

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