M19

Question 1

what is disinfection

Answer 1

process by which the number of microorganism are reduced to a level that is considered safe

Question 2

what ca still be present after disinfection

Answer 2

bacteria
spores
viruses

Question 3

what is antiseptic

Answer 3

antimicrobial agent that can be applied safely to the surface of th body or exposed tissues

Question 4

what re some common routes of disinfection

Answer 4

cleaning
heat
ultrasound
chemicals

Question 5

what does cleaning do

Answer 5

reduce bioburden

Question 6

what are the ways of cleaning

Answer 6

manual auomated
hot water nd detergent
damp dust

Question 7

what are some heat methods of disinfection

Answer 7

pasteurisation
boil water
wash and rinse

Question 8

what does ultrasound do to disinfect

Answer 8

high frequency sound waves
remove dirt
disrupt cell mem
prep o autoclave

Question 9

what are some chemicals used to reduce microbes on skins nd mucous mems

Answer 9

alcohols
centirmide
chlorhexidine
iodine

Question 10

what are the features of alcohol

Answer 10

wet contact 3 mins 
kill bac
inactivate spores 
evap, flam 
caotropic

Question 11

what is centirmide

Answer 11

low level disinfectant
quaternary ammonium compounds
cationic detergents

Question 12

what can inactivate centrimide

Answer 12

anionic detergents

soap and water

Question 13

what is common use of chlorhexidine

Answer 13

hibiscrub hand disinfection

Question 14

what is a common use of iodine

Answer 14

betadine

surgical scrub

Question 15

what is a iodophor

Answer 15

iodine plus detrgent

Question 16

what are some chemicals used to reduce microbes on inanimate objects

Answer 16

hypochlorites
phenols
alcohols

Question 17

what are hypochlorites

Answer 17

halogen compound

chlorine based

Question 18

what is hypochlorites weak ag

Answer 18

tbuercolcidal activity

Question 19

what are the strong and was hypochlorite solutions used for

Answer 19

strong - visible blood contemn expo for 2 mins

weak - no blood contemn expo for 10 min

Question 20

what do phenols do

Answer 20

denature proteins and disrupt cell mems
spores resist inactivation
hycolin 1%

Question 21

when using disinfectants what is to be considered

Answer 21

range antimicrobial activity 
rate of action 
kind of action 
effect of pH 
stability 
contact time

Question 22

what is sterilisation

Answer 22

process by which all microorganisms are killed or removed to render the object incapable of causing infection

Question 23

what is classified as sterile

Answer 23

unable to reproduce sexually
free form living microorganisms
1 x 10^6

Question 24

what re some methods of sterilisation

Answer 24

heat
chemical
radiation
filtration

Question 25

what depicts the choice of sterilisation method

Answer 25

purpose nature of material nature of contamination convenience - time

Question 26

what si the spectrum of microorganisms from sensitive to resistant

Answer 26

``` viruses bac cells fungal spores bac spores prions ```

Question 27

what is the D value

Answer 27

time taken to reduce the viable number of organisms by 90%

Question 28

what is bioburden

Answer 28

num bac present

Question 29

Nature of sterilisation media

Answer 29

proteinaceous org mat increased chance of survival

Question 30

wat are the diff heat for sterilisation

Answer 30

direct dry heat moist heat

Question 31

what is dry heat

Answer 31

hot air oven | kills by destroy oxo of essential cell constituents

Question 32

what si moist heat

Answer 32

kills by coag and denture enzyme and structural protein | autoclaving

Question 33

wha do u do for an autoclave

Answer 33

``` in container load steam enter remove air close valves stea pressure of set time turn off hat allow pressure to fall ```

Question 34

what is the requirements of autoclaving

Answer 34

2.25 bar 134 degrees 3 mins

Question 35

what are the controls for heat sterilisation

Answer 35

record sheet and probe browns tube autoclave tape spore strips

Question 36

what does formaldehyde vapour do

Answer 36

fumigation lack good penetration sterilising heat

Question 37

what does 2 % gluteraldehyde do

Answer 37

buffered to alkaline pH | inactivated by organic material

Question 38

how does ultraviolet sterilise

Answer 38

low energy good penetration burns skin reduces bac count

Question 39

how'd does ionising radiation sterilise

Answer 39

high energy good penetration carcinogenic cobalt 60 source

Question 40

whats the way filtration is used to sterilise

Answer 40

mechanical process size exclusion high efficiency particulate air filters