M4 Sources of Microorganisms

Question 1

what s the sequence of events for pathogenesis

Answer 1

adhere/colonise and invade
evade host defence
multiply/compete its life cycle
exit host

Question 2

what are some common bacteria use humans as reservoir

Answer 2

TB 
Diphtheria 
Hep A & B 
Influenza 
Measles

Question 3

what are some common bacteria use animals as reservoir

Answer 3

Zoonoses
accidental infection of man
may involve vector
plague

Question 4

what are some sources of environment for bacteria

Answer 4

soil nd water
contaminated sewage
opportunistic pathogens

Question 5

what are some bacteria that use the environment as a resveoir

Answer 5

clostridium tetani

legionella

Question 6

what is an animate nd inanimate source

Answer 6

animate - animal

inanimate - environment

Question 7

what is human period of infectivity

Answer 7

casual hours
acute days
transient weeks
chronic months +

Question 8

what are the carrier states

Answer 8

active
convalescent
healthy
incubator

Question 9

what is the active state

Answer 9

overt clinical presentation

Question 10

what is the convalescent state

Answer 10

recovering bit still carrier

Question 11

what is a healthy state

Answer 11

no overt signs of illness

Question 12

what is the incubator state

Answer 12

maintaining large numbers of pathogens prior to illness

Question 13

what are the means exiting a host

Answer 13

natural or artificial

Question 14

what is the natural exit way

Answer 14

sneezing, shedding

Question 15

what sit he artificial exit way

Answer 15

blood, saliva, aerosols (drill)

Question 16

what are some means of spreading to new host

Answer 16

direct/indircet contact
air bourne
vector bourne

Question 17

what are the types of direct contact spread

Answer 17

vertical - child to mum

horizontal - cough

Question 18

what are the types of indirect contact speed

Answer 18

format

Question 19

what is an air bourne spread

Answer 19

droplets

aerosols

Question 20

what is vector bourne spread

Answer 20

insects

Question 21

how can microbes escape body

Answer 21

tears 
nasal sec 
saliva
blood
resp fluid
contact with skin 
breast milk 
faeces
semen 
urine

Question 22

what are some routes of microbial entry

Answer 22

ingestion 
inhalation
injection 
across mucous mem
into ear 
transplacental

Question 23

what kind of bac can be ingested

Answer 23

salmonella

Question 24

what kind of bac can be inhaled

Answer 24

myco TB

Question 25

what kind of bac can be injected

Answer 25

Hep b

Question 26

can reservoirs change

Answer 26

can vary during the course of a disease

Question 27

what is an exogenous bac

Answer 27

infective material derived from outside patients body

Question 28

what is endogenous

Answer 28

bac/fungi part of natural microbiota commensal | change in natural flora

Question 29

what are some infections from exogenous bac

Answer 29

TB - myco - humans Pneumonia - legionella - soil/water Tetanus - clostridium tetani - soil

Question 30

what bac present when burns or wounds

Answer 30

s aureus | p aeruginosa

Question 31

what bac present when bowel rupture

Answer 31

bacteriodes fraigils

Question 32

when is there a normal presence of foreign body

Answer 32

prosthesis catheters absence of shedding surface an form of biofilms

Question 33

what are some key points on biofilms

Answer 33

``` multi cellular community 3D interfaces water channels resistant to antimicrobial agents and host defences ```

Question 34

what si the way a bacteria can go to the incorrect site

Answer 34

heatogenuos spread

Question 35

what can suppress immune system

Answer 35

cancer therapy immune suppression reduced Abs

Question 36

what are some exogenous infections pathogens

Answer 36

influenza - destroy line of resp tract | AIDS immune suppression

Question 37

antibiotics can disrupt what microflora

Answer 37

natural flora c albicans c difficile

Question 38

what are the factors in establishing disease

Answer 38

dose of infectious agent virulence of organisms seusceptitbitly/ resistance of host

Question 39

give a summary of pathogenesis

Answer 39

``` source microbe escape form source spread to new host entry into host infection of host damage to host ```

Question 40

what is primary sources of dental practice

Answer 40

resp trat and muht | secretions saliva and blood

Question 41

what is the secondary source of dental practise

Answer 41

surgery equipment | drill mirror

Question 42

what are some challenges faced by pathogenic bac in water

Answer 42

``` low temp low nutrient pH neutral oxygen available resp metab free iron available adhesins stick to rocks ```

Question 43

what re some challenges faced by pathogenic bac in humans

Answer 43

``` higher temp 37C energy higher low pH then higher low or no oxygen fermentative metab iron bound to harm adhesions stick to cells expo to bile salts ```

Question 44

what do endogenous microbes do to survive

Answer 44

adapt to host and adhered more likely to poise a threat