M6 Staphylococcus

Question 1

what are some major strains of staphylococcus

Answer 1

s. aureus

s. epidermidis

Question 2

what are some common features of staphylococcus

Answer 2

gram +ve 
non motile
irregular shape 
aureole and facultative anaerobe 
catalase +ve 
oxidase -ve 
can be coagulase +ve or -ve

Question 3

how common is s. aureus

Answer 3

20% colonisation

Question 4

where is s.aureus common

Answer 4

anterior nares and perineum

nosocomial and community

Question 5

what is MRSA

Answer 5

mainly nasocoimal
elderly and immunosuppressed
ICU

Question 6

what is the colonisation of s.epidermidis

Answer 6

100%

Question 7

where is s.epidermidis found

Answer 7

skin and mucous mems

Question 8

what si a nosocomial infection

Answer 8

assc with forgein devices - catheters

Question 9

what is the common direct contact transmission of staph

Answer 9

hand and skin or mucous

Question 10

what is the common indirect transmission of staph

Answer 10

instruments
bedding
door handles

Question 11

what si the way staph is air bourne

Answer 11

shedding of cocci from infected site into atmosphere

dust or squames

Question 12

what kind of bac is staph

Answer 12

oppputunisit

Question 13

what are staph means of entry

Answer 13

hair follicles and sebaceous glands 
damaged or diseased skin 
broken skin 
catheters 
post influenza pneumonia

Question 14

what is the pathogenicity of s. aureus

Answer 14

superififcal lesions - build to abscess
systemic - life threat
toxinoses - toxic shock

Question 15

what sit he carriage of s. aureus

Answer 15

anterior nares
perineum
hands
oral cav - age and pros

Question 16

what is the significance of s. aureus

Answer 16

HAI/nasocomial
oral abscesses
head and neck - ottis media

Question 17

what are the virulence factors of staph

Answer 17

attachement
evasion of host defences
invasion/ tissue penetration

Question 18

what are some virulence factors

Answer 18

capsule 
coagulate 
fibrinogen bind protein
TSST-1 
adhesins
kills leucocytes
shock 
rash 
desquamation

Question 19

what are adhesins

Answer 19

extracellular matrix molecules are present on epi, endo surfaces as well as a component of blood clots

Question 20

what is imp about fibrinogen binding

Answer 20

fibriiognen cleave from fibrin monomers allows to colonise site

Question 21

wha are some s aureus skin infection

Answer 21

folliculitis 
carbuncle - multiolbualr abscess
impetigo 
abscess
scalded skin syndrome

Question 22

what are some subs used for evasion of host defences

Answer 22

protein A 
proteases 
superantigens 
lipases
coagulate
capsule

Question 23

what are toxinoses

Answer 23

TSST-1 toxic shock syndrome toxin 1

rapid progression high fever, sore throat, muscle pain

Question 24

what is the bacteria present in food poisoning

Answer 24

staphylococcal enterotoxin

Question 25

what is SSS

Answer 25

scalded skin syndrome exfoliatin toxins neonatal face, axilla, groin

Question 26

what are superanitgens

Answer 26

bind to outside and staalises reaction in 1/10 T cells turning whole immune system on assc with toxic shock massive release cytokines

Question 27

what is diagnostic criteria of TSST-1

Answer 27

fever 39 diffuse macular rash - erythroderma- water under skin hypotension organ systems failing

Question 28

what does protein A do

Answer 28

bind to Fc region of IgG antibodies | produced by exponential growth

Question 29

what is protein a

Answer 29

coagulase +ve | activation complenent

Question 30

what do pretences do

Answer 30

cleave Ab, defnesins, platelet microbicidal proteins | destroy host tissue

Question 31

hat are lipase, phospholipase and esterase

Answer 31

combat surfactants produced to disrupt bacterial mem | post exponentially expressed scavenging enzymes

Question 32

what is Panton Valentine Leukocidin

Answer 32

PVL bicomponent toxin sp toxicity for leucocytes 1-2% strains assc with severe skin infections

Question 33

what are PVL and alpha toxin linked with

Answer 33

CA-MRSA | responsible for necrotising pneumonia and contagious severe kin infections

Question 34

what is necrotising pneumonia

Answer 34

preceding influenza like syndrome rapid progression acute resp distress refractory hypoxamenia young and fit community acquired

Question 35

what si coagulase

Answer 35

plasma | protective allows clot and ashore but also covers assess host proteins such as fibrin

Question 36

wat does coagulase form

Answer 36

staphylothrombin promotes conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin and clotting

Question 37

what is coagulase +ve example

Answer 37

synonymous with pathogenic staphylococci

Question 38

what is an example of coagulase +ve an -Ve

Answer 38

+ve - s.aureus | -ve - s. epidermis

Question 39

what is fnbA

Answer 39

fibronectin adhesin

Question 40

what is cna

Answer 40

colagen ashesin

Question 41

what is sdrE

Answer 41

bone sialo-bindig

Question 42

what is hlg

Answer 42

gamma toxin (leukocidin)

Question 43

what is ica

Answer 43

polysaccharide intracellular adhesin

Question 44

what si themes common HAI strain

Answer 44

t032

Question 45

what is the regulation of pathogenicity factors

Answer 45

transition to exponential protein a,fibronectin binding proteins, surface proteins, coagulase late expo surface proteins tuned off stationary has secreted proteins turned on

Question 46

what si most common antibiotic treat

Answer 46

peniccilin

Question 47

what is issue with penicillin

Answer 47

50-80% resistant (beta-lactamase +ve)

Question 48

what is flucloxacillin

Answer 48

beta - lactase resistant use if can't use penicillin

Question 49

if allergy to penicillin what is used

Answer 49

erythromycin