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Flashcards in Marine Energy Deck (35)
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1
Q

When 1 gram of ice is at a temperature of 0 degrees Centigrade how many calories must be added for the water to melt?

A

80 Calories

2
Q

What is the latent heat of Vaporization?

A

The amount of energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds and change the state from liquid to gas

3
Q

When one gram of liquid water is at a temperature of 100 degrees Centigrade how many calories are required to vaporize the water?

A

540 Calories

4
Q

The conversion of a liquid to a gas below its boiling point is called what?

A

Evaporation

5
Q

The latent heat of evaporation at 20 Degrees Centigrade is what?

A

585 Calories

6
Q

Define Heat Capacity

A

The amount of heat required to raise the the temperature of 1 gram of a substance 1 degree Centigrade

7
Q

The angle between the Hydrogen atoms in a water molecule has a measure of how many degrees?

A

105 Degrees

8
Q

Water Density is affected by

A

Temperature, Salinity, and Pressure

9
Q

Define Thermal Contraction

A

The idea that the density of most substances increases as its temperature decreases

10
Q

Thermal Contraction in pure water exist only to a certain temperature what is this temperature?

A

4 Degrees Centigrade

11
Q

Ice is less dense than water because

A

Ice crystals take up more volume than liquid water which causes the volume to expand and density to decrease

12
Q

What is the latent heat of melting?

A

The energy needed to break the intermolecular bonds that hold water molecules rigidly in place.

13
Q

Define Salinity

A

The total amount solid material dissolved in water

14
Q

Seawater is about how many times saltier than fresh water?

A

220 Times Saltier

15
Q

What is the Principle of Constant Proportions?

A

All the major dissolved constituents occur nearly everywhere in the ocean in the exact same proportions

16
Q

What is the residence time of Sodium in seawater?

A

260 Million Years

17
Q

What is the residence time of Potassium in Seawater?

A

11 Million Years

18
Q

The residence time of Calcium is how many years?

A

8 Million Years

19
Q

The residence time of Silicon is

A

10,000 Years

20
Q

The residence time of Manganese is

A

7,000 Years

21
Q

The Residence time of Iron is

A

140 Years

22
Q

The residence time of Aluminum is

A

100 Years

23
Q

Ions that attach to surfaces of sinking clay and biologic particles do so through a process called what?

A

Adsorption

24
Q

What percent of all water on earth exists in the world ocean?

A

97.2%

25
Q

What percent of the worlds water is frozen in glaciers and ice caps?

A

2.15%

26
Q

What percent of Earths water exists in groundwater and soil moisture?

A

0.62%

27
Q

What percent of Earths water exists in streams and lakes?

A

0.02%

28
Q

What percent of water on Earth resides in the atmosphere as water vapor?

A

0.001%

29
Q

The Halocline, Pycnocline, and Thermocline all typically occur in what range of depth?

A

300 to 1000 Meters

30
Q

What are terminator devices?

A

Energy harnessing devices oriented perpendicular to the wave, offshore or nearshore, and harness 500 kW to 2 MW.

31
Q

What are attenuators?

A

Harnessing devices parallel to the waves, rides it like a ship.

32
Q

What is a point absorber?

A

A floating structure that harnesses wave energy by bobbing components in the center.

33
Q

What is an overtopping device?

A

A small pileup of waves is created in a reservoir which then fall back down and creates energy.

34
Q

What is the name for the first tidal barrage used to generate energy, and where is it located?

A

Rance Tidal Power Station; Rance River, France

35
Q

What US Navy project created the PowerBuoy technology, a point absorber?

A

Littoral Expedition Autonomous Power Buoy