Flashcards in History of Oceanography Deck (45):
1
When is migration throughout the Southwestern Pacific thought to have begun?
2500 BC
2
When did the Polynesians successfully reach the Hawaiian Islands?
Probably between 450 to 600 AD
3
Near the equator which direction to the stars appear to travel on a north to south axis?
East to west
4
Who began to catalog marine organisms?
Aristotle
5
Who in 270 to 190 BC calculated the Earth's circumference to be 40,250 km only 183 km off of the actual circumference?
Eratosthenes
6
Who created the first world atlas and established world boundaries?
Ptolemy
7
Where did the Vikings reach in 871?
Iceland
8
Where did Erik Thorvaldsen discover in 982?
Greenland
9
Who created the 1769 Franklin-Folger chart of the Gulf Stream current?
Benjamin Franklin
10
When was the US Naval Hydrographic Office set up?
1830
11
Lieutenant Matthew F. Maury produced the first what in 1847?
Wind and current charts of the North Atlantic
12
Who created the still generally accepted atoll formation theory?
Charles Darwin
13
Edward Forbes began a what around the British Isles and Mediterranean and Aegean Seas?
Systematic survey of Marine life
14
Who mistakenly theorized the environment below 550 m was without life?
Edward Forbes
15
Who tested theories on ocean current by freezing a vessel and floating with it?
Fridtjof Nansen
16
When was NOAA formed?
1970
17
When was the ten year International Decade of Ocean Exploration?
1970's
18
Who was the first European explorer to reach India?
Vasco De Gama
19
Where was Vasco de Gama from?
Portugal
20
Who led the first expedition that successfully circumnavigated the globe?
Ferdinand Magellan
21
Who was the first to round the Cape of Good Hope?
Bartolomeu Dias
22
Who was the first European explorer to reach Central America?
Christopher Columbus
23
Where was Columbus from? Who sponsored his exploration?
Genoa, Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain
24
What French explorer led 3 expeditions to Canada in search of the Northwest Passage?
Jacques Cartier
25
Who was the first European to set foot in Florida?
Ponce de Leon
26
Who was a Portuguese Prince and patron of explorers.
Henry the Navigator
27
Who developed a recognizable map of the Mediterranean region in 450 BCE?
Herodotus
28
Who published the first chart of the Gulf Stream? What year?
Benjamin Franklin, 1770
29
Who discovered the shipwrecked Titanic, and in what year?
Dr. Robert Ballard, 1985
30
Which man invented the first bathyscaphe in 1937?
Auguste Piccard
31
Which man took a bathyscaphe to the bottom of the Marianas Trench on January 23, 1960?
Jacques Piccard (Son of Auguste Piccard)
32
Which person is famous for her books Silent Spring and The Sea Around Us, which brought attention to DDT and other toxic chemicals?
Rachael Carson
33
Which submarine was the first to sink a warship?
H.L. Hunley. Part of Confederate Army.
34
What happened to the USS Thresher?
The submarine was traveling along a pychnocline and was caught by an internal wave. The wave pushed it down to depth and it imploded.
35
What was the name of Jacques Cousteau‘s ship?
Calypso
36
What was the name of the wind power system developed by Cousteau?
Turbosail
37
Cousteau’s invention that allowed people to swim underwater for long periods of time
Aqualung
38
Name do the original old-timey dive helmet?
Miller Dunn Helmet
39
What were the limitations of the Miller Dunn Helmet?
Had to have a boat to pump in air
Hard to see out of
Could only walk on the sea floor
40
Who invented the bathysphere and when?
Otis Barton, 1930
41
Name of one of Cousteau’s most famous films and why was it significant?
The silent world, first underwater movie in color
42
Where was the first voyage of the Calypso?
The Red Sea
43
Camera invented by Cousteau
Calypso-Phot
44
The name of the underwater houses built by Cousteau
Conshelf
45