Flashcards in Oil Deck (44):
1
The Deepwater BP Mancando Well Spill in the Gulf of Mexico happened when?
2010
2
What ship had the largest oil spill to date?
Atlantic Empress
3
When did the Atlantic Empress spill occur and where?
1979, West Indies
4
How many tons of oil was spilled in the Exxon Valdez?
38,800 tons (35000 metric tons)
5
The largest oil spill on record happened when and where?
1991, Kuwait/Persian Gulf (Persian Gulf Wars)
6
How much oil was spilled in of the Gulf of Mexico?
700,000 tons
7
How many people died as a result of the BP Mancando well accident?
11
8
Why is Coal Oil Point in Santa Barbara named in such a manor?
Natural oil and gas seeps from the ocean
9
What famous "adventurer" brought attention to floating tar?
Thor Heyerdahl
10
Floating tar was mostly from?
ballast water after cleaning oil ships
11
What three principal phase components is oil made of?
crude oil, natural gas, and condensate
12
What is natural gas mostly made of?
methane
13
_____ is gaseous under the surface and liquid at the surface?
condensate
14
No 2 Fuel is used for?
Home heating oil
15
Refining of crude oil is done through what two main processes?
Cracking and distillation
16
Marine organisms mostly synthesize what type of hydrocarbon?
Simple ones, n-alkanes, and some alkenes
17
In the 1970s about how many oil spills occurred per year?
24.6
18
Today about how many oil spills occur per year?
1.7
19
Accidental input of oil into the marine environment account for about what percent of total oil introduction in the past few decades?
ten
20
What source released the most amount of petroleum into the ocean in the 1990s?
Natural seeps
21
Accidental oil spills account for approximately what percent of the world's marine oil input?
5 to 10 percent
22
_____ is driven by the turbulence field of the oceansurface waters and is connected toocean eddies at various scales.
Horizontal Distribution
23
An interactive effect of the windblowing across the surface waterof the ocean in a manner that createsconvergence and divergencezones in surface water are what?
Langmuir Circulation
24
When spilled, the lower molecularweight chemicals in oil will do what?
Evaporate
25
Emulsification is the act of what?
Dispersing liquids or compounds within another until they are mixed. Such as mixing oil and vinegar as best as you can.
26
In respect to oil, what can comeashore on beaches, rocky intertidalareas and wetlands such asmarshes and mangroves?
Oil slicks and mousse
27
Oil entering wetlands can exist for up to how long?
Decades
28
ADIOS stands for?
Automated Data Inquiry for Oil Spills
29
Group V oils do what in water?
Sink
30
What is a Neuston Net?
A contraption with a large rectangular mouth and net used for sampling large quantities of water
31
What type of marine animal seems to be the most sensitive to oil spills?
Crustaceans/small amphipods
32
PAH stands for
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
33
The Environmental Sensitivity Index was developed when?
1977
34
What does the Environmental Sensitivity Index tell someone?
the typeof spill response that will be most effectiveand when to deploy the response toprotect these resources.
35
NEBA stands for?
Net Environmental Benefit Analysis
36
All _____ have a well-developed capacity to metabolize and eliminate PAHs and other oil constituents such as aliphatic hydrocarbons
teleost fish
37
How many natural seeps exist in the Gulf of Mexico?
22,000
38
Why is naturally seeped oil generally better for a marine environment than spilled oil?
Natural seeps contain lower density alkanes and alkenes, while spills contain a mixture of dense and non-dense oil products, namely toxic PAHs
39
Name some aerobic hydrocarbon degraders?
Alphaproteobacteria, Betaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, and Deltaproteobacteria and the Firmicutes and fungi
40
How many kilometers of coastline did the BP Gulf of Mexico spill of 2010 effect?
1773 km
41
Jet Fuels and gasoline are classified as what type of oil?
Type 1 (very light)
42
Diesel, No. 2 Fuel Oil, Light Crudes are classified as what type of oil?
Type 2 (light)
43
Most Crude Oils are classified as what type?
Type 3 (Medium)
44