Mod 26

Question 1

if we remembered everything, maybe we could not … the important memories

Answer 1

prioritize

Question 2

if we remembered everything we might have difficulty thinking … and making … if our brain was devoted to compiling isolated bits of info

Answer 2

abstractly; connections

Question 3

what leads to forgetting? 
brain …
… failure
… decay
… failure
…
… forgetting

Answer 3

damage; encoding; storage; retrieval; interference; motivated

Question 4

Jill Price has hyperthymesia; she not only recalls .., but is unable to …

Answer 4

everything; forget anything

Question 5

Another possible problem if we were unable to forget: we might not … because of intrusive memories

Answer 5

focus well on current stimuli

Question 6

In 1953, the removal of Henry Molaison (H.M)’s … at age 27 ended his seizures, but also ended his ability to form new … memories

Answer 6

hippocampus; explicit

Question 7

H.M. could learn new …, …, … of objects, and …,, but had no memory of the lessons/instructors. He also retained memories from before …

Answer 7

skills; procedures; locations; games; the surgery

Question 8

different types of memory correspond to

Answer 8

different parts of the brain

Question 9

retrograde amnesia refers to the inability to

Answer 9

retrieve memory of the past

Question 10

“H.M” and “Jimmy” suffered from hippocampus damage and removal causing … amnesia, an inability to form …

Answer 10

anterograde; new long-term declarative memories

Question 11

H.M and Jimmy had no sense that … had passed since the brain damage. While they were not forming new declarative memories, … was still happening in other processing “tracks”

Answer 11

time; encoding

Question 12

Jimmy and H.M. could still learn how to … (… processing), could learn new … (… memory), and acquire … However, they could not remember any … which created these implicit memories;

Answer 12

get places; automatic; skills; procedural; conditioned responses; experiences

Question 13

with retrograde amnesia, memories closer to the injury are … than those that were formed much longer prior to the injury

Answer 13

weaker

Question 14

the two types of amnesia: … and … amnesia

Answer 14

retrograde; anterograde

Question 15

retrograde amnesia refers to an inability to … memory of the ..

Answer 15

retrieve; past

Question 16

anterograde amnesia refers to an inability to form …

Answer 16

new long-term declarative/explicit memories

Question 17

retrograde amnesia can be caused by … or … and is often … it can also be caused by more …; in that case, it may include anterograde amnesia

Answer 17

head injury; emotional trauma; temporary; severe braind amage

Question 18

H.M. and Jimmy lived with no memories of life

Answer 18

after surgery

Question 19

Material encoded into long term memory will … if the memory is never used, recalled and re-stored

Answer 19

decay

Question 20

Decay is LTP in reverse (or like pruning). Unused connections and networks … while well-used memory traces are …

Answer 20

wither; maintained

Question 21

Decay tends to … Memory for both nonsense syllables and Spanish lessons decays rapidly. However, what hasn’t decayed quickly tends to stay intact …

Answer 21

level off; long-term

Question 22

Sometimes, the memory itself does not decay. Instead, what decays are the …and … that help us find our way to the stored memory. As a result, some stored memories seem jjust below the surface

Answer 22

associations; links

Question 23

to prevent retrieval failure when storing and rehearsing memories, you can build …, linking images, rhymes, categories, lists, and cues

Answer 23

multiple associations

Question 24

Another downside of not forgetting is that old and new memories can … with each other, making it difficult to .. new memories and … old ones

Answer 24

interfere; store; retrievw

Question 25

Occasionally, the opposite of interference happens. In …, old information makes it easier to learn related new information

Answer 25

positive transfer

Question 26

Proactive interference occurs when … information interferes (in a forward-acting way) with .. .

Answer 26

past info; learning new info

Question 27

interference is not

Answer 27

amnesia

Question 28

retroactive interference occurs when … interferes with the storage and retrieval of...

Answer 28

new stimuli/learning; previously formed memories

Question 29

in one study, students who studied right before eight hours of sleep had better … than those who studied before eight hours of daily activities. the daily activities … with the morning's learning

Answer 29

recall; retroactively interfered

Question 30

Memory is fallible and changeable, but can we practice …, that is, choosing to forget or to change our memories?

Answer 30

motivated forgetting

Question 31

Sigmund Freud believed that we sometimes make an … decision to bury our anxiety-provoking memories and hide them from … He called this …

Answer 31

unconscious; conscious awareness; repression

Question 32

new techniques of psychotherapy and medication interventions may allow us to .. (prevent … of) recalled memories

Answer 32

erase; reconsolidation

Question 33

Motivated forgetting is not common. More often 1. recall is full of … 2. people try not to think about … If they fail to rehearse those memories, the memories can …

Answer 33

errors; painful memories; fade

Question 34

Forgetting can occur at any … As we process information we …, …, or … mucho f it

Answer 34

memory stage; process information; filter; alter; lose

Question 35

memory not only gets forgotten, but it gets … (imagined, selected, changed, and rebuilt0

Answer 35

constructed

Question 36

memories are … every time we "recall" (actually, reconstruct) them. They they are altered again when we … the memory (using working memory to send them into …)

Answer 36

altered; reconsolidate; long term storage

Question 37

… alters earlier memories

Answer 37

later information

Question 38

no matter how accurate and video-like our memory seems, it is full of

Answer 38

alterations

Question 39

``` ways in which our memory ends up being an inaccurate guide to the past: the … effect … inflation … amnesia … … memories ```

Answer 39

misinformation; imagination; source; deja vu; implanted

Question 40

The misinformation effect: incorporating … information into one's memory of an event

Answer 40

misleading

Question 41

implanted memories: in one study, students were told a false story that spoiled egg salad had made them ill in childhood. as a result, many students became even less likely to eat egg salad sandwiches in the future. In a study by Elizabeth Loftus, people were asked to provide details of an incident in childhood when they had been lost in a shopping mall. Even thought here actually had been no such incident, by trying to …, most people came to believe that the incident had actually happened

Answer 41

picture details

Question 42

imagination inflation: simply … an event can make it seem like a .. once we have an inaccurate memory, we tend to add more …, as perhaps we do for all memories. This is because … and actually seeing an event activate similar …

Answer 42

picturing; real memory; imagined details; visualizing; brain areas

Question 43

source amnesia: forgetting where the story …, and attributing the source to your …

Answer 43

came from; own experience

Question 44

Deja vu refers to the feeling that you're in a situation that you've .. or have …

Answer 44

seen; been in before

Question 45

We can feel very certain that we've seen a situation before even when we have not. this can be seen as …: a memory (from current sensory memory) that we misattribute as being from …

Answer 45

source amnesia; long term memory

Question 46

deja vu happens because sometimes our sense of .. and … kicks in too soon, and our brain explains this as being caused by …

Answer 46

familiarity; recognition; prior experience

Question 47

as you get older, more experiences of deja vu occur because you have more

Answer 47

life experiences

Question 48

we tend to alter our memories to fit our …: this explains why hindsight bias feels like telling the truth

Answer 48

current views

Question 49

because kids have underdeveloped …, they are even more prone to ..

Answer 49

frontal lobes; implanted memories

Question 50

in one study, children who were asked what happened when an animal escaped in a classroom had vivid memories of the escape which had not occurred. for kids, even more than adults, imagined events are hard to … from experienced events.

Answer 50

differentiate

Question 51

can people recover memories that are so thoroughly repressed as to be forgotten? abuse memories are more likely to be … to memory than forgotten. Forgotten memories of minor events do .., usually through cues (…)

Answer 51

burned in; reappear spontaneously; accidental reminders

Question 52

an active process of searching for such memories, however, is more likely to … that feel real

Answer 52

create detailed memories

Question 53

... memories implanted by leading questions, may not be lies. people reporting events that didn't happen usually believe they are telling the truth

Answer 53

false memories

Question 54

repressed memories are extremely

Answer 54

rare

Question 55

while true repressed/recovered memories may be rare, .. memories of abuse are common

Answer 55

unreported

Question 56

whether to cope or to prevent conflict, many people try to get their minds off memories of abuse. they do not rehearse these memories,a nd sometimes the

Answer 56

abuse memory fades

Question 57

because of the infantile amnesia effect, memories of events before age 3 are likely to be … this refers to both false reports and missed reports o abuse

Answer 57

constructions