Mod 4 Flashcards
(55 cards)
building blocks of mind: … and how they .. (…)
neurons; communicate; neurotransmitters
systems that build the mind: functions of parts of the …
supporting player: the slower-communicating … system (…)
nervous system; endocrine system; hormones
phrenology (developed by … in the early 1800s): the study of … on the skull and their relationship to … and …
Franz Gall; bumps; mental abilities; character traits
phrenology yielded one big idea: that the brain might have different … that do … (… of …)
areas; different things; localization; function
today’s search for the biology of the self:
biological psychology
biological psychology includes …, …, …, and … psychology
neuroscience; behavior genetics; neuropsychology; evolutionary
all of the subspecialities of biological psychology explore different aspects of: how the nature of mind and behavior is rooted in our …
biological heritage.
our study of the biology of the mind begins with the ‘atoms’ of the mind:
neurons
neuron structure:
cell body- the cell’s … center
dendrites- receive … from other cells
axon- passes … away from the … to other …, …, …
terminal branches of axon- form … with other cells
myelin sheath- covers the axon of some neurons and helps speed …
life-support; messages; messages; cell body; neurons; muscles; glands; junctions; neural impulses
neural impulse (…): … signal traveling down the ..
action potential; electrical signal; axon
action potential: a neural … that travels down an axon like a …
just as “the wave” can flow to the right in a stadium even though the people only move up and down, a wave moves down an axon although it is only made up of … moving … and …
impulse; wave; ion exchanges; in; out
direction of neural impulse: toward
axon terminals
when does the cell send the action potential? when it reaches a
threshold
the neuron receives … from other neurons; some are telling it to fire and some are telling it not to fire.
when the … is reached, the action potential starts moving. like a gun, it either fires or it doesn’t; more stimulation does … This is known as the “…” response.
signals; threshold; nothing; all-or-none
the action potential travels down the axon from the … to the … The signal is transmitted to another cell. However, the message must find a way to cross a gap between cells. this gap is also called the …
cell body; terminal branches; synapse
the synapse is a junction between the … of the sending neuron and the … or … of the receiving neuron. The synapse is also known as the … or …
axon tip; dendrite; cell body; synaptic junction; synaptic gap
…. are chemicals used to send a signal across the synaptic gap
neurotransmitters
reuptake: …
recycling neurotransmitters
reuptake: after the neurotransmitters stimulate the receptors on the receiving neuron, the chemicals are … into the sending neuron to be ..
taken back up; used again
(roles of different neurotransmitters) serotonin: affects …, …, …, and …
undersupply of serotonin linked to …; some antidepressant drugs raise serotonin levels
mood; hunger; sleep; arousal; depression
(roles of different neurotransmitters) dopamine: influences .., …, …, and …
oversupply linked to …; undersupply linked to … and decreased … in … disease and …
movement; learning; attention; emotion; schizophrenia; tremors; mobility; parkinson’s; adhd
(roles of different neurotransmitters) acetylcholine (ACh): enables … action, …, and …
ACh-producing neurons deteriorate as … disease progresses
muscle action; learning; memory; Alzheimer’s
(roles of different neurotransmitters) norepinephrine: helps control … and …
undersupply can depress … and cause …-like … problems
alertness; arousal; mood; ADHD; attention
(roles of different neurotransmitters) GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid): a major … neurotransmitter
undersupply linked to …, …, and …
inhibitory; seizures; tremors; insomnia
