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Human Biology > Module 1 - Topic 3-4: Types Of Tissues And Basic Anatomical Terminology > Flashcards

Module 1 - Topic 3-4: Types Of Tissues And Basic Anatomical Terminology Flashcards

(84 cards)

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1
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Covers body surfaces, lines hollow organs and form glands

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2
Q

Epithelial tissue function

A

A barrier
Absorption
Secretion

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3
Q

Connective tissue

A

Protects and supports the body
Bonds organs together
Stores energy reserves
Provides immunity

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4
Q

Connective tissue function

A

Organise and maintain body structure
Transport gases
Defence

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5
Q

Muscle tissue

A

Generates physical force for movement

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6
Q

Muscle tissue - functions

A

Movement

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7
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Detects changes in conditions

Responds by initiating and transmitting nerve impulses

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8
Q

Nervous tissue - functions

A

Sensory and motor impulse conduction
Interpretation of external and internal environment
Controls and coordinates body activities

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9
Q

Tissue development

A

From 3 primary gem layers

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10
Q

Primary germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Endoderm
Mesoderm

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11
Q

Simple epithelium

A

Single layer of cells

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12
Q

Stratified epithelium

A

Two or more layers of cells

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13
Q

Pseudostratified epithelium

A

Single layer that appears stratified

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14
Q

Squamous cells

A

Flattened

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15
Q

Cuboidal cells

A

Cube shaped or hexagons

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16
Q

Columnar cells

A

Tall and cylinders

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17
Q

Transitional cells

A

Able to undergo changes in shape cause by distension

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18
Q

Simple squamous epithelium

A

Located in areas of little wear and tear and adapted for diffusion and filtration, eg, inner lining of heart chambers

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19
Q

Simple cuboidal epithelium

A

Adapted for secretion and absorption eg, kidney tubules and small ducts

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20
Q

Simple columnar epithelium

A

Some areas have cilia to move material past cells (upper respiratory passages)
Some have microvilli to increase surface area and efficiency of absorption (small intestine)

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21
Q

Stratified squamous epithelium

A

Provides protection to areas of much wear and tear eg, outer layer of skin

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22
Q

Stratified cuboidal epithelium

A

Provides protection eg, ducts of sweat glands

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23
Q

Stratified columnar epithelium

A

Functions in protection and secretion eg large ducts of some glands

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24
Q

Transitional epithelium

A

Contains cells that undergo changes in shape and locate sin areas of stretching eg, urinary bladder

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25
Pseudo stratified columnar epithelium
Functions in secretion or movement of materials by ciliary action eg, Fallopian tubes
26
Glandular epithelium
Specialised cells organised to form glands that secrete substances either into ducts, onto surfaces or directly into blood
27
Anatomical position
A standard position that ensures directional terms are clear
28
Anatomical position - position
Body is erect Feet flat on floor Upper limbs at side Palms facing forward
29
Prone position
Body is lying face down
30
Supine position
Body is lying face up
31
Semi prone position
Body is lying on it's side
32
Regional names
Terms given to specific regions of body
33
Regional names - types
Head - cephalic Neck - cervical Trunk - shoulders to gentials, except limbs Upper limbs - shoulders to gentials (arms) Lower limbs - gentials to heel
34
Body planes
Imaginary flat surface that passes through the body
35
Body section
Flat surface of the body studied after the body has been cut along the specific plane
36
Directional terms
Used to accurately locate one body structure relative to another body structure
37
Superior
Top halve of body
38
Inferior
Lower half of body
39
Lateral
Left or right side of body
40
Medial
Middle of body
41
Proximal
Top of arm
42
Distal
Bottom of arm
43
Anterior
Front of body
44
Posterior
Back of body
45
Mani body cavities
Dorsal and ventral
46
Dorsal cavity
Towards the back | - holds cranial and vertebral cavity
47
Cranial cavity
Contains brain and coverings
48
Vertebral cavity
Contains spinal cord and spinal nerve roots
49
Ventral cavity
Towards the front (belly) side | Holds thoracic cavity and abdominopelvic
50
Thoracic cavity
Separated from abdominal cavity by diaphragm | Subdivided into right and left pleural cavities, pericardial cavity and mediastinum
51
Abdominopelvic cavity
Subdivided into abdominal and pelvic cavities
52
Visceral layer
Covering organs
53
Parietal layer
Lining walls of cavities
54
Abdominopelvic cavity - division
Into 9 regions
55
Radiography
Use of X-rays Used for dense structures like bones Dense structures are white
56
Ct scan
Refined version of radiography Slices through the body to give thin slices More refined details of soft and dense tissue
57
MRI scans
Used to view soft tissues Depends on water content Dense tissue- low water content - are not detected
58
Sonography
Ultrasounds High frequency waves used to examine internal organs Causes echoes
59
Positron emission tomography
Observes metabolic processes | Given injection that shows up in scanner
60
sagital plane
straight down middle of body (left and right)
61
parasagital plane
to the left or right of sagitial plane
62
coronal plane
straight through middle of body (front and back)
63
transverse plane
divides body top and bottom
64
Appendicular
everything off the trunk of the body (legs,arms)
65
axial
the trunk of the body
66
cephalic
head
67
Cervical
neck
68
Mental
chin
69
Oral
mouth
70
otic
ear
71
orbital
around eye
72
Axillary
armpit
73
Sternal
Breastbone
74
Brachial
upper arm
75
Acromial
Shoulder
76
Trunk
chest
77
Umbilical
navel
78
Lumbar
lower back
79
Inguinal
groin
80
Gluteal
buttock
81
Femoral
thigh
82
popliteal
back of knee
83
Patellar
knee cap
84
Crucal
lower leg

Human Biology (14 decks)

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