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Human Biology > Module 3- topic 3-4: Peripheral Nervous System and Hormones > Flashcards

Module 3- topic 3-4: Peripheral Nervous System and Hormones Flashcards

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1
Q

Sensory receptors

A

Monitor changes in and out of human body

Transmits information back to CNS

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2
Q

Mechanoreceptors

A

Detect mechanical stimuli

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3
Q

Thermoreceptors

A

Detect temperature changes

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4
Q

Photoreceptors

A

Respond to light

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5
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Respond to chemicals

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6
Q

Nocireceptors

A

Detect harmful stimuli and elicit pain response

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7
Q

Receptor potential

A

Produced by stimuli and I turn causes action potential to travel along afferent fibres

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8
Q

Peripheral nerve fibres

A

Bundled together to produce peripheral nerve

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9
Q

Endoneurium

A

Immediately surrounds each nerve fibre

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10
Q

Perineurium

A

Collects nerve fibres in small bundles called fascicles

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11
Q

Fascicles

A

Bundles of nerve fibres wrapped in perineurium

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12
Q

epineurium

A

Collects fascicles with blood vessels to produce peripheral nerve

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13
Q

Spinal reflex

A

Somatic nerves involved in involuntary automated response

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Maintains homeostasis because sympathetic and parasympathetic send opposing efferent signals to target organs

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15
Q

Impulse pathway of autonomic nervous system

A

A chain of 2 neutrons plus a junction site

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16
Q

Gangalion

A

Junction site

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17
Q

Pre ganglionic nerve body

A

Within CNS

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18
Q

Post ganglionic nerve body

A

Within a ganglion within pns

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19
Q

Sympathetic ganglia

A

Close to spinal cord

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20
Q

Parasympathetic ganglia

A

Within effector organs

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21
Q

Efferent signals in ANS motor neurons

A

Travel far slower than somatic motor neurons

Effect lasts much longer

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22
Q

Parasympathetic pathway

A

Releases acetylcholine at both ganglionic and effector synapse

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23
Q

Sympathetic pathway

A

Releases acetylcholine at ganglionic synapse but releases norepinephrine at effector synapse

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24
Q

Endocrine system

A

Control and integration of organ systems

Produces and secretes hormones

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25
Hormones
Bond to target tissue and change their metabolism
26
Endocrine glands
Do not have secretory ducts, release products directly into blood stream
27
Effects of endocrine system
Much slower than nervous system but are maintained for longer periods of time
28
Pituitary gland - location
Located at base of brain
29
Pituitary gland - makeup
Posterior pituary | Anterior pituitary
30
Posterior pituitary
Extension of hypothalamus | Stores hormones produced by hypothalamus
31
Anterior pituitary
Derived from epithelial cells | Hormone secreting glandular tissue
32
How hypothalamus regulates release of hormones
Interconnecting network of blood vessels
33
Posterior pituitary- hormones
Oxytocin | Antidiuretic hormone
34
Oxytocin
Stimulates uterine contraction and milk ejection
35
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water from urine and return to bloodstream
36
Anterior pituitary- hormones
``` Human growth hormone Thyroid stimulating hormone Adrenocorticotropic hormone Prolactin Follicle stimulating hormone Luteinizing hormone ```
37
Human growth hormone (hGH)
Promotes growth
38
Increased levels of hGH
Gigantism
39
Decreased levels of hGH
Dwarfism
40
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Stimulates hormone production by thyroid gland
41
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Stimulates hormone production from adrenal glands
42
Prolactin
Promotes milk production
43
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Regulate male and female reproductive systems
44
Thyroid gland - location
Front of neck near Adam's apple
45
Thyroid gland - makeup
Composed of numerous follicles lines by single layer of epithelial cells
46
Thyroid hormones
Thyroid hormone | Calcitonin
47
Thyroid hormone
Effects metabolism
48
Calcitonin
Produced by parafollicular cells Lowers calcium levels Promotes bone formation by inhibiting osteoclasts
49
Parathyroid glands - location
4 pea shaped glands at rear of thyroid gland
50
Parathyroid hormone
Maintains calcium homeostasis
51
Ways that PTH increases calcium
Activates reabsorption of bone matrix Increases calcium absorption of small intestine Increases calcium reabsorption of kidney
52
Too much pth
Cause oestoclasts to break down large areas of bone to make cysts
53
Too little pth
Decreases levels of calcium in blood
54
Adrenal gland - location
Small Pyramid shaped organs at top each kidney
55
Hormones in adrenal glands
Aldosterone Cortisol Sex hormones
56
Aldosterone
Increases blood pressure by increasing Na+ reabsorption | Formed in zona glomerulosa
57
Cortisol
Increases metabolism | Decreases inflammatory and immune response
58
Sex hormones
Onset of puberty
59
Adrenal medulla
Contains chromatin cells
60
chromatin cells
Secrete catecholamines - epinephrine - norepinephrine
61
Catecholamine function
``` Increase: heart rate Blood pressure Metabolism Oxygen uptake ```
62
proprioceptors
detect muscle contraction and joint movement
63
auditory receptors
in ear
64
otoliths
stones in ear detects and maintains balance movement tells brain where head it
65
olfactory receptors
in the nose
66
Gustatory receptors
taste buds

Human Biology (14 decks)

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