4 properties of muscles
- excitability
- contractility
- extensibility
- elasticity
Fn of muscle tissue
- motion
- movement of substances
- posture, support of organs
- heat production
hierarchy of muscle (small>big)
Myofibril>myofilaments>muscle fiber>fascicle>Muscle
Muscle connective tissue (layers out to in)
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
Skeletal muscle
striated, multinucleate, attached to skeleton
Cardiac muscle is
branched, single nucleus, striated, dintercalated discs, involuntary
Smooth
spindle shape, lines the hollow part around organs, ie the stomach
Blood supply needed in muscles because
blood carries oxygen, glucose, and CO2, -> cellular respiration to produce ATP, which is needed to power the action potential, the interaction between the actin and myosin
Aponeuroses is
a flattened tendon
Muscle fiber structure (out>in)
- sarcolemma
- mitochondrion,
- Terminal cisternae
- sarcoplasmic reticulum
- transverse tubules (t-tubules)
- Myofibril
- Triad
T-tubules are
extensions of the sarcolemma
Triad includes
2 terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule
Thick myofibril is made up of
myosin (darker)
thin myofibril is made up of
actin (lighter)
Sarcromere
functional unit that can contract(from z-line to z-line)
- I-band
- A-band
- Z-line
- H-zone
- M-line
Neuromuscular junction parts
- Synaptic terminal of motor neuron
- Synaptic vesicle
- Neurotransmitters
- synaptic cleft
- Motor end plate of muscle fiber (folded sarcolemma)
The motor unit
is the neuron plus all the muscle fibers that it controls,
bigger muscle= bigger motor unit
muscle size changes
- muscle hyperthrophy: building up due to use
- Muscle atrophy: loss of mass due to lack of use
Skeletal muscle fiber types
- Slow twitch: slow to contract, don’t tire as fast, high myoglobin content (darker)
- Fast twitch: fast to contract, tire rapidly, low myoglobin content (lighter)
Muscle fiber orientation types
- Parallel
- Convergent: fibers converge from single point
- Pennate: pen-like
- Circular
Origin
does not move during contraction
Insertion
moves during contraction
Synergists
helper muscles to the agonists
Facial and muscles
- frontalis
- platysma
- orbicularis oculi
- orbicuclaris oris
- depressor labii inferioris
- zygomaticus major
- risorius
- buccinator
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
Eye muscles
- super rectus
- inferior rectus
- lateral rectus
- medial rectus
- superior oblique
- inferior oblique
Neck mucles
- sternocleidomastoid
- sternohyoid
abdomial muscles
- rectus abdominis
- transversus abdominis
- external oblique
- internal oblique
Muscles of breathing
- external intercostals
- internal intercostals
- diaphragm
Vertebral column muscles
- erector spinae
- multifidus
- semispinalis capitis
- splenius capitis
Pectoral Girdle muscles
- trapezius
- serratus anterior
- levator scapulae
- pectoralis minor
- rhomboideus major
- rhomboideus minor
Shoulder joint muscles
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- deltoid
- teres major
- teres minor
- biceps brachii
- triceps brachii
- coracobrahialis
Rotator cuff muscles
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
Elbow joint muscles
- biceps brachii
- triceps brachii
- brachioradialis
- supinator
- pronator teres
Wrist and finger muscles
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- palmaris longus
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- abductor pollicis brevis
- anconeus
Hip joint muscles
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- piriformis
- superior gemellus
- obturator internus
- inferior gemellus
- quadratus femoris
- tensor fasciae latae
- iliacus
- psoas major
- iliopsoas
- pectineus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- iliotibial tract
joining hip and knee joint muscles
- sartorius
- gracilis
quadriceps muscles
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
Hamstring muscles
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
Knee/ankle/toe muscles
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
- tibialis anterior
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- popliteus
- flexor hallucis longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- plantaris
Frontalis action
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
Orbicularis oculi action
opens/closes eyelid
Orbicularis oris action
pursing of lips
depressor anguli oris action
depresses mouth laterally, frowning
depressor labii inferioris action
lowering of lips
zygomaticus major action
elevates corners of the mouth
masseter action
pulls up the jaw, chewing
Buccinator action
chewing, facial expression
Lateral pterygoid runs
Horizontally
Medial pterygoid run
vertically
Superior rectus action
upward movement of the eye
Inferior rectus action
downward movement of the eye
lateral rectus action
outward movement of eye
medial rectus action
inward movement of eye
Erector spinae action
extension of trunck
Semispinalis capitis action
extension of neck
Splenius capitis action
extension of head, more lateral overall
Levator scapulae action
elevates the scapula
rhomboideus minor action
retracts scapula toward midline
rhomboideus major action
also retracts scapula toward midline
Pectoralis major action
adducts and medially rotates humerus, flexion of arm
Latissimus dorsi action
extension of the arm
Deltoid action
abduction of arm
Biceps Brachii action
flexion of forearm
Triceps brachii action
extension of forearm
Supraspinatus action
arm rotation
infraspinatus action
arm rotation
subscapularis action
arm rotaion, main one under scapula
teres minor action
lateral rotation of arm
Brachialis action
flexion of forearm
brachioradialis action
extends arm far down
Supinator action
rotation of forarm, like palm up rotation
pronator teres action
pronates (rotates) and flexes the forearm at the elbow
Flexor carpi radialis action
flexes and abducts hand at wrist
flexor carpi ulnaris action
flexes and abducts hand at wrist
flexor digitorum superficialis action
flexes middle phalangies, flexes proximal phalangies
flexor digitorum profundus action
flexes distal phalangies, assists in flexion of hand
palmaris longus action
flexes hand at wrist
extensor carpi ulnaris action
extend and adducts hand at wrist
extensor digitorum action
extends hand at wrist joint and extends fingers at metacarpal joints
Extensor digiti minimi action
extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
abductior pollicis brevis action
abducts thumb
gluteus maximus action
extension of the leg, allows lateral rotation
Tensor fasciae latate action
abduction of the leg away from the midline
iliacus action
flexes the torso and thigh with respect to each other
Psoas majoraction
flexes the torso and thigh with respect to each other
adductor longus action
laterally rotate hip joint
adductor brevis action
laterally rotate hip
adductor magnus action
adducts thigh, flexing and extending the tigh
List the deep hip muscles
Getting Paid Solely On IQ
Gluteals, Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris
Gracilis action
adduction of leg
Rectus femoris action
extension of lower leg
Vastus lateralis action
extension of the knee
vastus intermedius action
extension of knee
vastus medialis action
extension of knee
Semitendinosus action
extends thigh, flexes the knee
Semimembranosus action
rotates tibia medially, extends right and flexes knee
Gastrocnemius action
plantar flexion of ankle
soleus action
plantar flexion
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexion of ankle, invertor of foot
flexor digitorum longus action
flexion of toes 2-5
flexor hallucis longus action
flexes great toe
extensor hallucis longus action
extends great toe
extensor digitorum longus action
extends toes 2-5
plantaris action
plantar flexion of ankle
Trapezius Origin and Insertion
O: clavicle, stermun
I: humerus
Lassitimus dorsi Origin and Insertion
O: vertebrae, ribs, ilium
I: humerus
Deltoid Origin and Insertion
O: clavicle, scapula
I: humerus
Biceps brachii Origin and Insertion
O: scapula
I: radius
Triceps brachii Origin and Insertion
O: scapula, humerus
I: ulna
Gluteus maximus Origin and Insertion
O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: femur
Sartorius Origin and Insertion
O: ilium
I: tibia
Rectus femoris Origin and Insertion
O: os coxae
I: patella
Biceps femoris Origin and Insertion
O: ischium, femur
I: fibula, tibia
Gastrocnemius Origin and Insertion
O: femur
I: calcaneus
Plantaris Origin and Insertion
O: femur
I: calcaneus
Triceps brachii
-Antagonist -Synergist
A: biceps brachii
S: N/A
Biceps brachii
-Antagonist -Synergist
A: triceps brachii
S: Brachialis
Brachialis
-Antagonist -Synergist
A: biceps brachii, triceps brachii
S:
Rectus femoris
-Antagonist -Synergist
A:
S:
Semitendinosus
-Antagonist -Synergist
A:
S:
Tibialis anterior
-Antagonist -Synergist
A:
S:
Gastrocnemius
A:
S:
