Module 4 Flashcards
(122 cards)
1
Q
4 properties of muscles
A
- excitability
- contractility
- extensibility
- elasticity
2
Q
Fn of muscle tissue
A
- motion
- movement of substances
- posture, support of organs
- heat production
3
Q
hierarchy of muscle (small>big)
A
Myofibril>myofilaments>muscle fiber>fascicle>Muscle
4
Q
Muscle connective tissue (layers out to in)
A
- Epimysium
- Perimysium
- Endomysium
5
Q
Skeletal muscle
A
striated, multinucleate, attached to skeleton
6
Q
Cardiac muscle is
A
branched, single nucleus, striated, dintercalated discs, involuntary
7
Q
Smooth
A
spindle shape, lines the hollow part around organs, ie the stomach
8
Q
Blood supply needed in muscles because
A
blood carries oxygen, glucose, and CO2, -> cellular respiration to produce ATP, which is needed to power the action potential, the interaction between the actin and myosin
9
Q
Aponeuroses is
A
a flattened tendon
10
Q
Muscle fiber structure (out>in)
A
- sarcolemma
- mitochondrion,
- Terminal cisternae
- sarcoplasmic reticulum
- transverse tubules (t-tubules)
- Myofibril
- Triad
11
Q
T-tubules are
A
extensions of the sarcolemma
12
Q
Triad includes
A
2 terminal cisternae and 1 t-tubule
13
Q
Thick myofibril is made up of
A
myosin (darker)
14
Q
thin myofibril is made up of
A
actin (lighter)
15
Q
Sarcromere
A
functional unit that can contract(from z-line to z-line)
- I-band
- A-band
- Z-line
- H-zone
- M-line
16
Q
Neuromuscular junction parts
A
- Synaptic terminal of motor neuron
- Synaptic vesicle
- Neurotransmitters
- synaptic cleft
- Motor end plate of muscle fiber (folded sarcolemma)
17
Q
The motor unit
A
is the neuron plus all the muscle fibers that it controls,
bigger muscle= bigger motor unit
18
Q
muscle size changes
A
- muscle hyperthrophy: building up due to use
- Muscle atrophy: loss of mass due to lack of use
19
Q
Skeletal muscle fiber types
A
- Slow twitch: slow to contract, don’t tire as fast, high myoglobin content (darker)
- Fast twitch: fast to contract, tire rapidly, low myoglobin content (lighter)
20
Q
Muscle fiber orientation types
A
- Parallel
- Convergent: fibers converge from single point
- Pennate: pen-like
- Circular
21
Q
Origin
A
does not move during contraction
22
Q
Insertion
A
moves during contraction
23
Q
Synergists
A
helper muscles to the agonists
24
Q
Facial and muscles
A
- frontalis
- platysma
- orbicularis oculi
- orbicuclaris oris
- depressor labii inferioris
- zygomaticus major
- risorius
- buccinator
- masseter
- temporalis
- medial pterygoid
- lateral pterygoid
25
Eye muscles
- super rectus
- inferior rectus
- lateral rectus
- medial rectus
- superior oblique
- inferior oblique
26
Neck mucles
- sternocleidomastoid
| - sternohyoid
27
abdomial muscles
- rectus abdominis
- transversus abdominis
- external oblique
- internal oblique
28
Muscles of breathing
- external intercostals
- internal intercostals
- diaphragm
29
Vertebral column muscles
- erector spinae
- multifidus
- semispinalis capitis
- splenius capitis
30
Pectoral Girdle muscles
- trapezius
- serratus anterior
- levator scapulae
- pectoralis minor
- rhomboideus major
- rhomboideus minor
31
Shoulder joint muscles
- pectoralis major
- latissimus dorsi
- deltoid
- teres major
- teres minor
- biceps brachii
- triceps brachii
- coracobrahialis
32
Rotator cuff muscles
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- subscapularis
- teres minor
33
Elbow joint muscles
- biceps brachii
- triceps brachii
- brachioradialis
- supinator
- pronator teres
34
Wrist and finger muscles
- flexor carpi radialis
- flexor carpi ulnaris
- flexor digitorum superficialis
- flexor digitorum profundus
- palmaris longus
- extensor carpi radialis longus
- extensor carpi radialis brevis
- extensor carpi ulnaris
- extensor digitorum
- extensor digiti minimi
- abductor pollicis brevis
- anconeus
35
Hip joint muscles
- gluteus maximus
- gluteus medius
- gluteus minimus
- piriformis
- superior gemellus
- obturator internus
- inferior gemellus
- quadratus femoris
- tensor fasciae latae
- iliacus
- psoas major
- iliopsoas
- pectineus
- adductor longus
- adductor brevis
- adductor magnus
- iliotibial tract
36
joining hip and knee joint muscles
- sartorius
| - gracilis
37
quadriceps muscles
- rectus femoris
- vastus lateralis
- vastus intermedius
- vastus medialis
38
Hamstring muscles
- biceps femoris
- semitendinosus
- semimembranosus
39
Knee/ankle/toe muscles
- gastrocnemius
- soleus
- fibularis longus
- fibularis brevis
- tibialis anterior
- tibialis posterior
- flexor digitorum longus
- popliteus
- flexor hallucis longus
- extensor hallucis longus
- extensor digitorum longus
- plantaris
40
Frontalis action
raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
41
Orbicularis oculi action
opens/closes eyelid
42
Orbicularis oris action
pursing of lips
43
depressor anguli oris action
depresses mouth laterally, frowning
44
depressor labii inferioris action
lowering of lips
45
zygomaticus major action
elevates corners of the mouth
46
masseter action
pulls up the jaw, chewing
47
Buccinator action
chewing, facial expression
48
Lateral pterygoid runs
Horizontally
49
Medial pterygoid run
vertically
50
Superior rectus action
upward movement of the eye
51
Inferior rectus action
downward movement of the eye
52
lateral rectus action
outward movement of eye
53
medial rectus action
inward movement of eye
54
Erector spinae action
extension of trunck
55
Semispinalis capitis action
extension of neck
56
Splenius capitis action
extension of head, more lateral overall
57
Levator scapulae action
elevates the scapula
58
rhomboideus minor action
retracts scapula toward midline
59
rhomboideus major action
also retracts scapula toward midline
60
Pectoralis major action
adducts and medially rotates humerus, flexion of arm
61
Latissimus dorsi action
extension of the arm
62
Deltoid action
abduction of arm
63
Biceps Brachii action
flexion of forearm
64
Triceps brachii action
extension of forearm
65
Supraspinatus action
arm rotation
66
infraspinatus action
arm rotation
67
subscapularis action
arm rotaion, main one under scapula
68
teres minor action
lateral rotation of arm
69
Brachialis action
flexion of forearm
70
brachioradialis action
extends arm far down
71
Supinator action
rotation of forarm, like palm up rotation
72
pronator teres action
pronates (rotates) and flexes the forearm at the elbow
73
Flexor carpi radialis action
flexes and abducts hand at wrist
74
flexor carpi ulnaris action
flexes and abducts hand at wrist
75
flexor digitorum superficialis action
flexes middle phalangies, flexes proximal phalangies
76
flexor digitorum profundus action
flexes distal phalangies, assists in flexion of hand
77
palmaris longus action
flexes hand at wrist
78
extensor carpi ulnaris action
extend and adducts hand at wrist
79
extensor digitorum action
extends hand at wrist joint and extends fingers at metacarpal joints
80
Extensor digiti minimi action
extends 5th digit at metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints
81
abductior pollicis brevis action
abducts thumb
82
gluteus maximus action
extension of the leg, allows lateral rotation
83
Tensor fasciae latate action
abduction of the leg away from the midline
84
iliacus action
flexes the torso and thigh with respect to each other
85
Psoas majoraction
flexes the torso and thigh with respect to each other
86
adductor longus action
laterally rotate hip joint
87
adductor brevis action
laterally rotate hip
88
adductor magnus action
adducts thigh, flexing and extending the tigh
89
List the deep hip muscles
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Gluteals, Piriformis, Superior gemellus, Obturator internus, Inferior gemellus, Quadratus femoris
90
Gracilis action
adduction of leg
91
Rectus femoris action
extension of lower leg
92
Vastus lateralis action
extension of the knee
93
vastus intermedius action
extension of knee
94
vastus medialis action
extension of knee
95
Semitendinosus action
extends thigh, flexes the knee
96
Semimembranosus action
rotates tibia medially, extends right and flexes knee
97
Gastrocnemius action
plantar flexion of ankle
98
soleus action
plantar flexion
99
tibialis anterior action
dorsiflexion of ankle, invertor of foot
100
flexor digitorum longus action
flexion of toes 2-5
101
flexor hallucis longus action
flexes great toe
102
extensor hallucis longus action
extends great toe
103
extensor digitorum longus action
extends toes 2-5
104
plantaris action
plantar flexion of ankle
105
Trapezius Origin and Insertion
O: clavicle, stermun
I: humerus
106
Lassitimus dorsi Origin and Insertion
O: vertebrae, ribs, ilium
I: humerus
107
Deltoid Origin and Insertion
O: clavicle, scapula
I: humerus
108
Biceps brachii Origin and Insertion
O: scapula
I: radius
109
Triceps brachii Origin and Insertion
O: scapula, humerus
I: ulna
110
Gluteus maximus Origin and Insertion
O: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
I: femur
111
Sartorius Origin and Insertion
O: ilium
I: tibia
112
Rectus femoris Origin and Insertion
O: os coxae
I: patella
113
Biceps femoris Origin and Insertion
O: ischium, femur
I: fibula, tibia
114
Gastrocnemius Origin and Insertion
O: femur
I: calcaneus
115
Plantaris Origin and Insertion
O: femur
I: calcaneus
116
Triceps brachii
| -Antagonist -Synergist
A: biceps brachii
S: N/A
117
Biceps brachii
| -Antagonist -Synergist
A: triceps brachii
S: Brachialis
118
Brachialis
| -Antagonist -Synergist
A: biceps brachii, triceps brachii
S:
119
Rectus femoris
| -Antagonist -Synergist
A:
S:
120
Semitendinosus
| -Antagonist -Synergist
A:
S:
121
Tibialis anterior
| -Antagonist -Synergist
A:
S:
122
Gastrocnemius
A:
S:
