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Flashcards in Packet 33 Deck (28)
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1
Q

Controlled by monthly hormone cycle of anterior pituitary, hypothalamus & ovary
Monthly cycle of changes in ovary and uterus

A

female reproductive cycle

2
Q

changes in ovary during & after maturation of oocyte

A

ovarian cycle

3
Q

preparation of uterus to receive fertilized ovum

if implantation does not occur, the stratum functionalis is shed during menstruation

A

uterine cycle

4
Q

ON TEST
secreted by the hypothalamus controls the female reproductive cycle
–stimulates anterior pituitary to secrete FSH & LH

A

GnRH

5
Q

ON TEST
initiates growth of follicles that secrete estrogen
–estrogen maintains reproductive organs

A

FSH

6
Q

ON TEST
stimulates ovulation & promotes formation of the corpus luteum which secretes estrogens, progesterone, relaxin & inhibin
–progesterone prepares uterus for implantation and the mammary glands for milk secretion
–relaxin facilitates implantation in the relaxed uterus
–inhibin inhibits the secretion of FSH

A

LH

7
Q

Menstruation lasts for 5 days
First day is considered beginning of 28 day cycle
in ovary and uterus

A

menstrual phase

8
Q

20 follicles that began to develop 6 days before are now beginning to secrete estrogen
fluid is filling the antrum from granulosa cells

A

menstrual phase in ovary

9
Q

declining levels of progesterone caused spiral arteries to constrict – glandular tissue dies
stratum functionalis layer is sloughed off along with 50 to 150 ml of blood

A

menstrual phase in uterus

10
Q

Lasts from day 6 to 13 (most variable timeline)

In the ovary (follicular phase) and uterus (proliferative phase)

A

preovulatory phase

11
Q

follicular secretion of estrogen & inhibin has slowed the secretion of FSH
dominant follicles survives to day 6
by day 14, graafian follicle has enlarged & bulges at surface
increasing estrogen levels trigger the secretion of LH

A

Preovulatory Phase in ovary

12
Q

increasing estrogen levels have repaired & thickened the stratum functionalis to 4-10 mm in thickness

A

Preovulatory Phase in uterus

13
Q

Rupture of follicle & release of 2nd oocyte on day 14

A

ovulation

14
Q

High levels of estrogen

GnRH

LH Surge

A

more GnRH and LH

way more FSH and LH

ruptured follicle/ovulation (corpus hemorrhagicum results)

15
Q

***Potential Micro Essay

Signs of ovulation

A

Increase in basal body temperature

Increase in libido

Increase in cervical mucus

Cervix softens

Mittelschmerz- = pain

16
Q

Most constant timeline = lasts 14 days

in ovary and uterus

A

postovulatory phase

17
Q

if fertilization did not occur, corpus albicans is formed
as hormone levels drop, secretion of GnRH, FSH & LH rise

if fertilization did occur, developing embryo secretes human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) which maintains health of corpus luteum & its hormone secretions

A

Postovulatory Phase in ovary

18
Q

hormones from corpus luteum promote thickening of endometrium to 12-18 mm
-formation of more endometrial glands & vascularization

if no fertilization occurs, menstrual phase will begin

A

Postovulatory Phase in uterus

19
Q

Physical & emotional distress during the postovulatory (luteal) phase
–disappear at onset of menstruation
Signs & symptoms are variable
–mood swings, depression, headache, fatigue, backache, constipation, breast tenderness, edema
Since occurs only after ovulation, oral contraceptives are an effective treatment
–careful diet & exercise may help

A

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS)

20
Q

4 phases of human sexual intercourse

A

excitement phase
plateau phase
orgasm phase (climax)
resolution

21
Q

produced by parasympathetic NS

engorgement of blood vessels & cardiovascular changes

A

excitement phase

22
Q

sexual flush to face & chest

rhythmical muscular contractions & pleasure
sympathetic nervous system causes ejaculation

A

plateau phase of variable duration

orgasm phase (climax)

23
Q

profound relaxation & return to normal

male refractory period where 2nd ejaculation is impossible

A

resoultion

24
Q

Consistent inability of adult male to hold an erection long enough for sexual intercourse

Causes
psychological or emotional factors
physical factors
diabetes mellitus, vascular disturbances, neurological disturbances, testosterone deficiency, drugs (alcohol, nicotine, antidepressants, tranquilizers,etc)
Viagra causes vasodilation of penile arteries and brings on an erection

A

Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence)

25
Q

Possible micro essay
Birth Control Methods
(7)

A
Complete abstinence
Surgical
Hormonal
Mechanical barriers
Periodic abstinence (ovulation schedule)
Coitus interruptus         (withdrawal)
Induced abortion
26
Q

progesterone & estrogen combination pill
negative feedback on the anterior pituitary & hypothalamus to prevent secretion of FSH & LH
no follicular development or ovulation
no possible pregnancy
other benefits of the pill
regulate menstrual cycle & reduce endometriosis
Risks increased for smokers
increased chances of blood clot formation
Not recommended for people with liver disease, hypertension, heart disease, migraines

A

Hormonal Birth Control

Oral contraceptive — “the pill”

27
Q

worn internally releasing progestin or combination of progestin & estrogen
IUD (Intra-uterine device)
- Small t-shaped device implanted into the uterus – can either function to disrupt egg or sperm, depending on the type.

A

vaginal ring

28
Q

intramuscular injection of progesterone every 3 months that changes uterine lining & ovum maturation

A

Depo-Provera